Eur. J. Entomol. 119: 379-387, 2022 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2022.039

Patterns of DNA barcode diversity in butterfly species (Lepidoptera) introduced to the NearcticOriginal article

Jacopo D'ERCOLE ORCID...1, 2, Leonardo DAPPORTO ORCID...3, B. Christian SCHMIDT ORCID...4, Vlad DINCĂ ORCID...5, Gerard TALAVERA ORCID...6, Roger VILA ORCID...7, Paul D.N. HEBERT ORCID...1, 2
1 Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Guelph, Canada; e-mails: jdercole@uoguelph.ca, phebert@uoguelph.ca
2 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
3 ZEN lab, Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; e-mail: leonardo.dapporto@unifi.it
4 Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada; e-mail: christian.schmidt@agr.gc.ca
5 Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; e-mail: vlad.e.dinca@gmail.com
6 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: gerard.talavera@csic.es
7 Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: roger.vila@csic.es

One of the main consequences of globalization is the intensification of biological introductions. Because of their negative impact on environments, the early detection and monitoring of introduced species through molecular approaches is gaining increased uptake. This study assembles 2,278 DNA barcode records to examine contemporary patterns of sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) in five butterfly species introduced to the Nearctic, with a focus on Pieris rapae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Thymelicus lineola Ochsenheimer (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Parameters of genetic diversity were low (i.e., h < 0.606, π < 0.0039) for Nearctic populations of all analyzed species. Those of P. rapae and T. lineola showed marked genetic differentiation from their source populations in the Palearctic. Haplotype distributions in their Nearctic populations exposed a starburst pattern with a few common haplotypes known from Palearctic, and infrequent haplotypes diverging from them at only one or two nucleotide sites. Some uncommon haplotypes were only found in the Nearctic suggesting they originated after invasion, while others also occur in the Palearctic. This study provides an example of genetic paradox of invasion, where species often rapidly expand their distribution and become dominant in the new habitat despite their depleted levels of sequence variation.

Keywords: Introduced species, DNA barcoding, population genetics, North America

Received: May 19, 2022; Revised: September 13, 2022; Accepted: September 13, 2022; Published online: September 26, 2022  Show citation

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D'ERCOLE, J., DAPPORTO, L., SCHMIDT, B.C., DINCĂ, V., TALAVERA, G., VILA, R., & HEBERT, P.D.N. (2022). Patterns of DNA barcode diversity in butterfly species (Lepidoptera) introduced to the Nearctic. EJE, 119, Article 379-387. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2022.039
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