Eur. J. Entomol. 103 (3): 637-655, 2006 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2006.085

Taxonomy of the genera Scaeva, Simosyrphus and Ischiodon (Diptera: Syrphidae): Descriptions of immature stages and status of taxa

Pavel LÁSKA1, Celeste PÉREZ-BAÑÓN2, Libor MAZÁNEK1, Santos ROJO2, Gunilla STÅHLS3, M. Angeles MARCOS-GARCÍA2, Vítězslav BIČÍK1, Jindra DU©EK4
1 Department of Zoology, Natural Sciences Faculty, Palacký University, Tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mails: mazanek@prfnw.upol.cz, flagell@prfnw.upol.cz
2 Instituto Universitario de la Biodiversidad (CIBIO), Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; e-mail: celeste.perez@ua. es
3 Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box. 17, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; e-mail: gunilla.stahls@helsinki.fi
4 Institute of Applied Entomology, University of Agriculture, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic

A review of all known descriptions of immature stages of the species of the genera Scaeva Fabricius, 1805, Ischiodon Sack, 1913 and Simosyrphus Bigot, 1882 is presented using SEM illustrations. The third instar larval and/or pupal morphology of Scaeva dignota (Rondani, 1857), Scaeva mecogramma (Bigot, 1860) and Simosyrphus grandicornis (Macquart, 1842) are newly described. All species of the genera studied in this paper are very similar for all the studied characters of their immature stages, including the chaetotaxy. Molecular characters of the mitochondrial cox1 gene (1128bp) were used for inferring relationships of the studied taxa. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was additionally applied for species delimitation of the closely related species Scaeva selenitica and S. dignota. The Palaearctic Scaeva species could be split into two groups based on the analysis of morphology of posterior respiratory process. These groups were previously diagnosed as S. selenitica-group [i.e., S. selenitica (Meigen, 1822), S. dignota (Rondani, 1857), S. mecogramma (Bigot, 1860)] and S. pyrastri-group [i.e., S. pyrastri (Linnaeus, 1758), S. albomaculata (Macquart, 1842), S. latimaculata (Brunetti, 1923)]. Semiscaeva Kuznetzov, 1985 and Scaeva Fabricius, 1805 are the available names for these two natural groups that should be classified as subgenera; the former name is proposed for S. selenitica-group and the latter for S. pyrastri-group. Mecoscaeva Kuznetzov, 1985 syn. n. is transferred as a junior synonym of the subgenus Semiscaeva Kuznetzov, 1985 according to the principle of the first reviser. Based on the analysis of immature stages, the generic name Ischiodon Sack, 1913 syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of the genus Simosyrphus Bigot, 1882. The similarity of immature stages between Scaeva s. str. and Simosyrphus grandicornis Macquart, 1842, Simosyrphus aegyptius (Wiedemann, 1830) comb. n. and Simosyrphus scutellaris (Fabricius, 1805) comb. n. is discussed. All the proposed subgeneric and generic taxa based on morphological studies received high support employing molecular characters.

Keywords: Diptera, Syrphidae, Scaeva, Semiscaeva, Mecoscaeva, Simosyrphus, Ischiodon, taxonomy, immature morphology, chaetotaxy, new combination, new synonymy

Received: February 1, 2005; Revised: January 30, 2006; Accepted: January 30, 2006; Published: July 3, 2006  Show citation

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LÁSKA, P., PÉREZ-BAÑÓN, C., MAZÁNEK, L., ROJO, S., STÅHLS, G., MARCOS-GARCÍA, M.A., BIČÍK, V., & DU©EK, J. (2006). Taxonomy of the genera Scaeva, Simosyrphus and Ischiodon (Diptera: Syrphidae): Descriptions of immature stages and status of taxa. EJE, 103(3), 637-655. doi: 10.14411/eje.2006.085
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