Eur. J. Entomol. 108 (4): 677-685, 2011 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2011.086

New stem-Phasmatodea from the Middle Jurassic of China

Liangjie SHANG1, Olivier BÉTHOUX2, Dong REN*,1
1 College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, 105 Xisanhuanbeilu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; e-mail: rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn
2 40 rue d'Aveillans, 8770 La Motte d'Aveillans, France; e-mail: obethoux@yahoo.fr

Adjacivena rasnitsyni gen. n., sp. n., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation (Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China), is described based on a set of well-preserved specimens, interpreted as two females and a male of the same species. The new taxon is assigned to the family Susumaniidae, i.e. is a candidate stem-Phasmatodea. This ordinal assignment is supported by genital elements, chiefly a putative operculum concealing the ovipositor observed in one female specimen and a putative extension of the 10th tergum with a thorn pad in the male specimen. Variation in the venation of the forewing is appreciated based on more or less complete pairs of wings and a comparison with that in the forewings of male Heteropteryx dilatata (Parkinson, 1798). This material offers new perspectives on the primary homologies of the hind wing venation of stick-insects.

Keywords: Adjacivena rasnitsyni gen. n., sp. n., Phasmatodea, Susumaniidae, Heteropteryx dilatata, China, Daohugou, intra-specific variability, sexual dimorphism, fossil, Middle Jurassic

Received: January 17, 2011; Revised: June 20, 2011; Accepted: June 20, 2011; Published: October 3, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
SHANG, L., BÉTHOUX, O., & REN, D. (2011). New stem-Phasmatodea from the Middle Jurassic of China. EJE, 108(4), 677-685. doi: 10.14411/eje.2011.086
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. BEIER M. 1968: Phasmida (Fangheuschrecken). In Helmcke J.G., Starck D. & Wermuth H. (eds): Handbuch der Zoologie. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 1-56 Go to original source...
    2. BETHOUX O. 2008: The insect wing collection project 4. Bonner Palaeoentomologen-Treffen, Bonn. Dt. Ges. Allg. Angew. Entomol. Nachr. 24: 24-25
    3. BETHOUX O. 2009: Gaps and nodes between fossil and extant insects. Syst. Entomol. 34: 599-609 Go to original source...
    4. BETHOUX O., BECKEMEYER R.J., ENGEL M.S. & HALL J.D. 2010: New data on Homocladus grandis, a Permian stem-mantodean (Polyneoptera: Dictyoptera). J. Paleontol. 84: 746-753 Go to original source...
    5. BIRKET-SMITH S.J.R. 1981: A wing of Phasmida from the Cretaceous period (Insecta). Entomol. Scand. 12: 245-249 Go to original source...
    6. BOLTON H. 1925: Insects from the Coal Measures of Commentry. BMNH, London, 56 pp
    7. BRADLER S. 2009: Phylogeny of the stick and leaf insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea). Species, Phylogeny Evol. 2: 3-139 [in German with English abstr.]
    8. BRADLER S. & BUCKLEY T.R. 2011: Stick insect on unsafe ground: does a fossil from the early Eocene of France really link Mesozoic taxa with the extant crown group of Phasmatodea. Syst. Entomol. 36: 218-222 Go to original source...
    9. BRAGG P.E. 2001: Phasmids of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 772 pp Go to original source...
    10. BROCK P.D. & HASENPUSCH J. 2009: The Complete Field Guide to Stick and Leaf Insects of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Australia, 204 pp Go to original source...
    11. BRUNNER VON WATTENWYL C. 1893: Revision du systeme des orthopteres et description des especes rapportees par M. Leonardo Fea de Birmanie. Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova G. Doria 33: 1-230 Go to original source...
    12. CARPENTER F.M. 1992: Superclass Hexapoda. In Kaesler R.L. (ed.): Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. The Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas, Boulder, xxii + 655 pp
    13. CUI Y.Y., BETHOUX O., SHIH C.K. & REN D. 2010: A new species of the family Juraperlidae (Insecta: Grylloblattida) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Acta Geol. Sin. 84: 710-713 Go to original source...
    14. DELCLOS X., NEL A., AZAR D., BECHLY G., DUNLOP J.A., ENGEL M.S. & HEADS S.W. 2008: The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. N. Jb. Geol. Palaeontol. Abh. 247: 353-381 Go to original source...
    15. GOROCHOV A.V. 1988: On the classification of orthopteran insects of the subfamily Phasmomimoidea (Orthoptera) with descriptions of new taxa. Trudy Zool. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 178: 32-44 [in Russian]
    16. GOROCHOV A.V. 1992: New fossil orthopterans (Orthoptera) and a stick-insect (Phasmoptera) from Mesozoic and Paleozoic of Mongolia. Tr. Sovm. Rus.-Mongol. Paleontol. Exp. 41: 117-121 [in Russian]
    17. GOROCHOV A.V. 1993: Fossil stick-insects (Phasmoptera) from Jurassic and Cretaceous. Trudy Paleontol. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 252: 112-116 [in Russian]
    18. GOROCHOV A.V. 1994: Permian and Triassic walking sticks (Phasmoptera) from Eurasia. Paleontol. J. 28(4): 83-98
    19. GOROCHOV A.V. 2000: Phasmomimidae: are they Orthoptera or Phasmatoptera? Paleontol. J. 34: 295-300
    20. GOROCHOV A.V. & RASNITSYN A.P. 2002: Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting, 1781 (= Orthopteroidea Handlirsch, 1903). In Rasnitsyn A.P. & Quicke D.L.J. (eds): History of Insects. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 293-303.
    21. GRIMALDI D. & ENGEL M.S. 2005: Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xv + 755 pp
    22. KEVAN D.K.M. & WIGHTON D.C. 1981: Paleocene orthopteroids from south-central Alberta, Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 18: 1824-1837 Go to original source...
    23. KEY K.H.L. 1991: Stick-insects. In Naumann I.D., Crane P.B., Lawrence J.F., Nielsen E.S., Spradbery J.P., Taylor R.W., Whitten M.J. & Littlejohn M.J. (eds): The Insects of Australia, a Textbook for Students and Researchers. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, pp. 394-404
    24. KUZMINA S.A. 1985: New orthopterans of the family Phasmomimidae from the Lower Cretaceous of Transbaikalia. Paleontol. J. 19(3): 56-63
    25. MARTYNOV A.V. 1928: A new fossil form of Phasmatodea from Galkino (Turkestan), and on Mesozoic Phasmids in general. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1: 319-328 Go to original source...
    26. NEL A., MARCHAL-PAPIER F., BETHOUX O. & GALL J.-C. 2004: A "stick insect-like" from the Triassic of The Vosges (France) (Insecta: "Phasmatodea"). Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. 40: 31-36 Go to original source...
    27. NEL A., DELFOSSE E., ROBILLARD T. & PETRULEVICIUS J.F. 2010: An early winged crown group stick insect from the Early Eocene amber of France (Insecta, Phasmatodea). Syst. Entomol. 40: 31-36 Go to original source...
    28. PARKINSON J. 1798: Description of the Phasma dilatatum. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 4: 190-192 Go to original source...
    29. RAGGE D.R. 1955: The wing-venation of the order Phasmida. Trans. R. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 106: 375-392 Go to original source...
    30. REN D. 1997: First record of fossil stick-insects from China with analyses of some palaeobiological features (Phasmatodea: Hagiphasmatidae fam. nov.). Acta Zootax. Sin. 22: 268-282
    31. REN D., LU L.W., GUO Y.G. & JI S.A. 1995: Faunae and stratigraphy of Jurassic-Cretaceous in Beijing and the adjacent areas. Seismic Publishing House, Beijing, 222 pp
    32. REN D., GAO K.Q., GUO Y.G., JI S.A., TAN J.J. & SONG Z. 2002: Stratigraphic division of the Jurassic in the Daohugou area, Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia. Geol. Bull. China 21: 584-591
    33. REN D., LABANDEIRA C.C. & SHIH C.K. 2010: New Mesopsychidae (Mecoptera) from Northeastern China. Acta Geol. Sin. 84: 720-731 Go to original source...
    34. RICE H.M.A. 1969: An antlion (Neuroptera) and a stonefly (Plecoptera) of Cretaceous age from Labrador, Newfoundland. Geol. Surv. Can. 68: 1-12 Go to original source...
    35. SCHNEIDER J.W. 1977: Zur Variabilitaet der Fluegel palaeozoischer Blattodea (Insecta), Teil I. Freiberg. Forschungsh. (C) 326: 87-105
    36. SHAROV A.G. 1968: Phylogeny of the orthopteroid insects. Trudy Paleontol. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR 118: 1-216 [in Russian]
    37. SHAROV A.G. 1971: Phylogeny of the Orthopteroidea. B.B. Rodendorf, Jerusalem, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, vi + 251 pp
    38. TAN J. & REN D. 2002: Palaeoecology of insect community from Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Acta Zootax. Sin. 27: 428-434
    39. TILGNER E. 2000: The fossil record of Phasmida (Insecta: Neoptera). Insect Syst. Evol. 31: 473-480 Go to original source...
    40. TILLYARD R.J. 1918: Mesozoic insects of Queensland. 3. Odonata and Protodonata. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 43: 417-435
    41. WEDMANN S., BRADLER S. & RUST J. 2007: The first fossil leaf insect: 47 million years of specialized cryptic morphology and behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 565-569 Go to original source...
    42. WILLMANN R. 2003: Die phylogenetischen Beziehungen der Insecta: Offene Fragen und Probleme. Ver. Westd. Entomol. Tag 2001: 1-64
    43. ZHAO J.X., REN D. & SHIH C.K. 2010: Enigmatic earwig-like fossils from Inner Mongolia, China. Insect Sci. 17: 459-464 Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content