EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY

Eur. J. Entomol. 104 (3): 399-405, 2007 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2007.059

Repellency of conspecific and heterospecific larval residues to Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ovipositing on sorghum plants

J.P. MICHAUD, J.L. JYOTI

Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center - Hays, 1232 240 th Ave, Hays, KS 67601, USA;

We examined oviposition decisions by Hippodamia convergens Guérin in semi-natural arenas in the laboratory. Gravid females were presented individually with an array of four young sorghum plants, Sorghum bicolor, bearing (1) no additional stimulus, (2) an established colony of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, (3) residues of conspecific larvae, and (4) greenbugs plus residues of conspecific larvae. Females laid no egg masses on type 3 plants, significantly fewer than expected by chance on type 4 plants, and significantly more on type 1 plants, with type 2 plants receiving expected numbers. Females laid 50% of egg masses on elements of the arena other than the plants, especially the cage screen, suggesting that females sought to distance their eggs farther from larval residues than the spacing of plants in the arena permitted (15 cm). When the experiment was repeated with plants exposed to larvae of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer, the repellency was weaker. Once again, clean plants were the most preferred and aphids did not increase the acceptability of plants with larval residues. Nevertheless, only 18% of egg masses occurred off the plants and larval residues did not reduce the acceptability of aphid-bearing plants as did conspecific larval residues. Simultaneous choice tests conducted with individual third instars of both species revealed that C. maculata larvae consumed H. convergens eggs as readily as conspecific eggs, but H. convergens larvae preferred conspecific eggs to those of C. maculata. We conclude that H. convergens oviposition decisions are shaped by the risks of both egg cannibalism and predation.

Keywords: Coccinellidae, cannibalism, Hippodamia convergens, Coleomegilla maculata, deterrence, larval residues, intraguild predation, oviposition, Schizaphis graminum, Sorghum bicolor

Received: January 30, 2007; Revised: March 23, 2007; Accepted: March 23, 2007; Published: July 25, 2007  Show citation