Eur. J. Entomol. 103 (3): 613-618, 2006 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2006.082

Evolutionary history and patterns of differentiation among European Maniola butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae)

Andrea GRILL1,2, Erasmia GKIOKIA2, Nadir ALVAREZ3
1 Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland; e-mail: andrea.grill@unine.ch
2 Zoological Museum, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94766, NL-1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3 Institute of Botany, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile Argand 11, CH-2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland

Phylogenetic relationships of European Maniola butterflies are reconstructed using molecular sequences from two regions of the mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb). A total of 988 base pairs (486 for Cytb, and 502 for COI) were aligned for 15 individuals of Maniola and an outgroup species. The phylogenetic tree obtained through Bayesian inference analysis of the combined data sets shows evidence that the island endemic M. chia is indistinguishable from M. jurtina on the basis of the mtDNA genes studied. Net nucleotide divergence between M. jurtina and M. chia is 0.4%, but 2% between the M. jurtina and the M. nurag clade. A phenetically distinct entity of individuals from Sardinia appears to be a hybrid between M. nurag and M. jurtina. The southern and northern European ecotypes of M. jurtina, which differ in the summer aestivation period of the southern type, are not structured genetically at the level of coding mtDNA genes. Divergence time between M. nurag and M. jurtina was estimated to be 1.1 to 1.2 million years. Speciation most likely took place in the early Pleistocene as a consequence of the isolation of Sardinia, when the sea reflooded the Mediterranean basin after the Messinian crisis (about 5 million years ago).

An Erratum has been published for this article: https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2006.119

Keywords: Satyrinae, Sardinia, phylogeny, mtDNA, Maniola nurag, Maniola chia, Maniola jurtina

Received: September 21, 2005; Revised: November 27, 2005; Accepted: November 27, 2005; Published: July 3, 2006  Show citation

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GRILL, A., GKIOKIA, E., & ALVAREZ, N. (2006). Evolutionary history and patterns of differentiation among European Maniola butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae). EJE, 103(3), 613-618. doi: 10.14411/eje.2006.082
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