Eur. J. Entomol. 94 (4): 495-501, 1997
Proboscis assembly in butterflies (Lepidoptera) - a once in a lifetime sequence of events
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The proboscis of butterflies is formed by the linkage of the galeae on their dorsal and ventral sides, thereby enclosing the central food canal. The two galeae, which develop separately in the pupa, can only interlock by a distinct sequence of movements after eclosion. This interlocking process includes a series of uncoiling and recoiling movements which first align the separate galeae into parallel positions. Discharged fluid temporarily holds them together, so that the galeal linking structures can be engaged by sideward movements and anti-parallel displacements of the galeae. During hardening of the cuticle the firm engagement of the structures is achieved while the proboscis is in recoiled position. In nymphalid butterflies, interlocking of the galeae is an irreversible and indispensable process that can occur only once during a short period following eclosion.
Keywords: Butterfly, Nymphalidae, proboscis, galeae interlocking, linking structures, mouthparts, eclosion
Accepted: November 28, 1996; Published: October 1, 1997 Show citation
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