Eur. J. Entomol. 118: 90-110, 2021 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2021.011

Molecular and morphological revision of Afrotropical Hypoborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) revealed novel bark beetle taxa with narrow geographical distributionsOriginal article

Bjarte H. JORDAL ORCID...
University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PB 7800, 5007 Bergen, Norway; e-mail: bjarte.jordal@uib.no

Species in the bark beetle tribe Hypoborini Nüsslin, 1912 occur in dead twigs and branches, mainly in dry forest. The Afrotropical fauna previously included ten species in five genera. A taxonomic revision based on molecular and morphological data supports the description of three new genera and seven new species, and the creation of a new subtribe Xerasiborina Jordal, subtrib. n. in order to take account of the difference between crested and non-crested (elytral base) hypoborines. The new subtribe includes Xerasiborus Jordal, gen. n., Nisiborus Jordal, gen. n. and tentatively Glochiphorus Strohmeyer, 1910. Hypoborina in the Afrotropical region includes Dacryostactus Schaufuss, 1905, Styracoptinus Wood, 1962, Afrotrypetus Bright, 1982 stat. res., and Corditarsus Jordal, gen. n., with Hypoborus Erichson, 1836 and Liparthrum Wollaston, 1854 as geographically close members in the warm Palearctic. New species described are Xerasiborus quadrituberculatus Jordal, sp. n., Xerasiborus bituberculatus Jordal, sp. n., Xerasiborus euphorbiae Jordal, sp. n. and Xerasiborus asperatus Jordal, sp. n., all from Madagascar, Xerasiborus zambesianus Jordal, sp. n. from Tanzania, Nisiborus schaufussi Jordal, sp. n. from Madagascar and Afrotrypetus capensis Jordal, sp. n. from South Africa. New combinations include Nisiborus hylesiniformis (Schedl, 1961), comb. n. (from Cryphyophthorus Schedl, 1953), Corditarsus australis (Schedl, 1975) comb. n. (from Liparthrum), Corditarsus tanganyikaensis (Schedl, 1972) comb. n. (from Hypoborus) and Afrotrypetus euphorbiae Bright, 1981 comb. res. (from Styracoptinus). Three genera were removed from Hypoborini: Chaetophloeus LeConte, 1876 and placed in Chaetophloeini Jordal, trib. n., Zygophloeus Schedl, 1958 in Hylesinini Erichson, 1836 and Cryphyophthorus Schedl, 1953 as a genus incertae sedis. Biogeographical analyses indicate an early Palaeocene origin of Hypoborini, with an ancestral area split between Asia/Africa and Madagascar. Only a single colonization of Madagascar occurred, with a single recolonization of the African mainland. The more species-rich Mediterranean and Macaronesian radiation in Liparthrum occurred later in the Oligocene, most likely prior to the origin of the Atlantic islands.

Keywords: Curculionidae, Scolytinae, Hypoborini, bark beetles, molecular phylogeny, identification key, biogeography, new tribe, new subtribe, new genera, new species, Afrotropical Region, Madagascar

Received: October 6, 2020; Revised: February 8, 2021; Accepted: February 8, 2021; Published online: March 26, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
JORDAL, B.H. (2021). Molecular and morphological revision of Afrotropical Hypoborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) revealed novel bark beetle taxa with narrow geographical distributions. EJE, 118, Article 90-110. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2021.011
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Alonso-Zarazaga M.A. & Lyal C.H.C. 2009: A catalogue of family and genus group names in Scolytinae and Platypodinae with nomenclatural remarks (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). - Zootaxa 2258: 1-134. Go to original source...
    2. Bouckaert R., Vaughan T.G., Barido-Sottani J., Duchêne S., Fourment M., Gavryushkina A., Heled J., Jones G., Kühnert D., De Maio N. et al. 2019: BEAST 2.5: An advanced software platform for Bayesian evolutionary analysis. - PLOS Comput. Biol. 15: e1006650, 28 pp. Go to original source...
    3. Bright D.E. 1981: Afrotrypetus, a new genus of bark beetles from Africa (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). - Coleopt. Bull. 35: 113-116.
    4. Erichson W.F. 1836: Systematische Auseinandersetzung der Familie der Borkenkäfer (Bostrichidae). - Arch. Naturges. 2: 45-65.
    5. Haack R.A. 2001: Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of entry: 1985-2000. - Integr. Pest Manag. Rev. 6: 253-282. Go to original source...
    6. Israelson G. 1990: A key to the Macaronesian Hypoborini, with description of two new species (Coleoptera, Scolytidae). - Bocagiana 137: 1-11.
    7. Johnson A.J., McKenna D.D., Jordal B.H., Cognato A.I., Smith S.M., Lemmon A.R., Lemmon E.M. & Hulcr J. 2018: Phylogenomics clarifies repeated evolutionary origins of inbreeding and fungus farming in bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). - Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 127: 229-238. Go to original source...
    8. Jordal B.H. 2006: Community structure and reproductive biology in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) associated with Macaronesian Euphorbia shrubs. - Eur. J. Entomol. 103: 71-80. Go to original source...
    9. Jordal B.H. 2014: Scolytinae. In Leschen R. & Beutel R. (eds): Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta. Coleoptera, Beetles, Vol. 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, pp. 633-642.
    10. Jordal B.H. 2021: A phylogenetic and taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Micracidini (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) reveals a strong diversifying role for Madagascar. - Org. Div. Evol. 21: 245-278. Go to original source...
    11. Jordal B.H. & Cognato A.I. 2012: Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles reveals multiple origins of fungus farming during periods of global warming. - BMC Evol. Biol. 12: 133, 10 pp. Go to original source...
    12. Jordal B.H. & Kaidel J. 2017: Phylogenetic analysis of Micracidini bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) demonstrates a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and inclusion of Cactopinus in the New World clade. - Can. Entomol. 149: 8-25. Go to original source...
    13. Jordal B.H., Kirkendall L.R. & Harkestad K. 2004: Phylogeny of a Macaronesian radiation: host-plant use and possible cryptic speciation in Liparthrum bark beetles. - Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 31: 554-571. Go to original source...
    14. Leschen R.A.B. & Beutel R.G. (eds) 2014: Handbook of Zoology. Arthropoda: Insecta. Coleoptera, Beetles, Vol. 3: Morphology and Systematics (Phytophaga). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, xii+675 pp. Go to original source...
    15. Minh B.Q., Schmidt H.A., Chernomor O., Schrempf D., Woodhams M.D., von Haeseler A. & Lanfear R. 2020: IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. - Mol. Biol. Evol. 37: 1530-1534. Go to original source...
    16. Mugu S., Pistone D. & Jordal B.H. 2018: New molecular markers resolve the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic wood-boring weevils Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). - Arthropod Phyl. Syst. 76: 45-58. Go to original source...
    17. Nobuchi A. 1969: A comparative morphological study of the proventriculus in the adult of the subfamily Scolytoidea (Coleoptera). - Bull. Gov. For. Exp. St. 224: 39-110, pls 111-117. Go to original source...
    18. Pistone D., Gohli J. & Jordal B.H. 2018: Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers. - Syst. Entomol. 43: 387-406. Go to original source...
    19. Rambaut A., Drummond A.J., Xie D., Baele G. & Suchard M.A. 2018: Posterior summarization in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. - Syst Biol. 67: 901-904. Go to original source...
    20. Ronquist F. & Huelsenbeck J.P. 2003: MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. - Bioinformatics 19: 1572-1574. Go to original source...
    21. Schaufuss C.F.C. 1905: Borkenkaferstudien, II. - Insektenborse 12: 1-104.
    22. Schedl, K.E. 1953: Fauna Indomalayensis. III. Contribution 133 to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12: 288-304. Go to original source...
    23. Schedl, K.E. 1958: Some more bark- and timber-beetles from Australia. 158. Contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. - Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 83: 214-216.
    24. Schedl, K.E. 1961: Fauna Madagascariensis, IV. 188. Contribution à la morphologie et à la systématique des coléoptères scolytoidea.. - Mem. Inst. Sci. Madag. (Ser. E) 12: 127-170.
    25. Schedl K.E. 1966: Interessante und neue Scolytoidea aus Afrika. 244. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. - Rev. Entomol. Moçambique 8[1965]: 349-379.
    26. Schedl K.E. 1972: Scolytoidea aus Tanganyika. 285. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea (Coleoptera). - Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natn. Hung. 64: 295-297.
    27. Schedl K.E. 1975: South African bark and timber beetles, 3. 297. contribution to the morphology and taxonomy of the Scolytoidea. - Ann. Transvaal Mus. 29: 275-281.
    28. Schedl K.E. 1977: Die Scolytidae und Platypodidae Madagaskars und einiger naheliegender Inselgruppen. - Mitt. Forstl. Bund-Vers. (Wien) 119: 1-326.
    29. Swofford D. 2002: PAUP*. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and other Methods). Ver. 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MS.
    30. Wollaston T.V. 1854: Insecta Maderensia, Being an Account of the Insects of the Islands of the Madeiran Group. Van Voorst, London, 634 pp. Go to original source...
    31. Wood S.L. 1960: Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. - Insects of Micronesia 18: 1-73.
    32. Wood S.L. 1962. Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on Scolytidae (Coleoptera). - Great Basin Nat. 22: 76-82.
    33. Wood S.L. 1983: New synonomy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), part IX. - Great Basin Nat. 43: 647-659. Go to original source...
    34. Wood S.L. 1986: A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). - Great Basin Nat. Mem. 10(Article 2): 1-110.
    35. Wood S.L. & Bright D. 1992: A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Part 2: Taxonomic index. - Great Basin Nat. Mem. 13: 1-1553.
    36. Yu Y., Blair C. & He X.J. 2020: RASP 4: ancestral state reconstruction tool for multiple genes and characters. - Mol. Biol. Evol. 37: 604-606. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content