Oxymorus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Oosomini), a new genus with nine new species from South Africa

A new genus Oxymorus Borovec & Meregalli gen. n., belonging to the tribe Oosomini Lacordaire, 1863 of the curculionid subfamily Entiminae, is described. It includes nine new species, all from South Africa: Oxymorus uitkyk sp. n., type species, O. antennalis sp. n., O. johnprinei sp. n., O. minor sp. n., O. obesus sp. n., O. oculatus sp. n., O. rikae sp. n., O. strictifrons sp. n. and O. sulcaticollis sp. n. All species are illustrated and keyed. ZooBank Article Registration: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFC0DCCE-5C14-4C68-9F46-A92C11AAFDF4

have to be removed when phylogenetically analysed. This paper presents a better knowledge of the tribe, the description of a new genus and nine closely related new species, morphologically sister to the type genus Oosomus.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Some of the specimens examined were found by the authors in South Africa, usually collected by net sweeping or umbrella beating of fynbos vegetation. Other specimens were discovered in large collections of unidentifi ed weevils conserved in museums and institutions in South Africa.
Body length of all specimens was measured in dorsal view from anterior border of eyes to apex of elytra, excluding rostrum. Length/width ratio of rostrum was measured as length between base of rostrum and base of mandibles versus width at base of rostrum. Length/width ratios of pronotum, elytra, antennal and tarsal segments were taken at the maximum length and width of the respective parts in dorsal view. Genitalia were cleared in 10% KOH and carefully dissected; female genitalia were embedded in Solakryl BMX (epoxy resin soluble in toluene; Medika, Prague), male genitalia were mounted dry on the same card as the respective specimen. Terminology of rostrum and genitalia follows Oberprieler et al. (2014). Photographs were taken using a Nikon P 6000 digital camera mounted on a Wild MDG17 microscope, combining images in stacks with Zerene Stacker. All images were cleaned and enhanced as necessary in Adobe Photoshop CS3.
This study was carried out with the following research permits: SANParks. Permit released September 7, 2012, unnumbered, renewed; Cape Nature: AAA007-00085-0056. SANParks. Permit number MERM/AGR/035-2012/2017-2022/V1; Cape Nature: AAA041-00158-0056; Cape Nature: CN44-28-11324. Oxymorus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Oosomini), a new genus with nine new species from South Africa INTRODUCTION The tribe Oosomini was named by Lacordaire (1863), who established nine groups for his "Otiorhynchides". The "Group Oosomides", with 12 genera, was placed among the "Otiorhynchides" with corbels "caverneuses", that is, having a true corbel. Marshall (1942) used not only the shape of the antennal sockets and the metatibial corbels and claws for classifying the Afrotropical broad-nosed weevil genera, but also the chaetotaxy on the mandibles. He split Entiminae with ʽotiorhynchineʼ type of antennal sockets into two groups: (1) tribes with three setae on mandibles and (2) tribes with mandible bearing numerous setae, rarely only four. The 12 genera of Lacordaire's Oosomides were then split into two tribes: Oosomini, for genera with free claws, and the newly described tribe Embrithini Marshall, 1942, for genera with connate claws (Marshall, 1942). The tribe Embrithini was more precisely re-defi ned recently by Borovec & Oberprieler (2013). In contrast, no accurate defi nition of Oosomini is available, since in Marshall's concept they vary greatly in several of the characters usually applied to delimit a tribe. The tribe, as currently considered (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999) and later reduced by transferring six genera to the tribe Embrithini Marshall, 1942(Borovec & Oberprieler 2013, is composed of several genera from the western and eastern parts of South Africa, but it lacks any modern taxonomic analysis. Therefore, its defi nition is rather vague and incomplete, and part of the genera now included might rostrum width, subparallel-sided or triangular and tapered posteriorly. Frons large, glabrous, smooth, only fi nely punctured, posteriorly not separated from epifrons, with numerous prominent fi ne setae on lateral parts. Epistome not developed. Antennal sockets dorsally placed, dorsally fully visible, forming elongated fossae or are narrowly reniform; in profi le short, dorsal border reaching dorsal border of rostrum, regularly curved, ventral border distinctly shorter than dorsal border, curved, forming a glabrous furrow shortly continuing anteriorly from insertion and further posteriorly, slightly enlarged posteriorly and disappearing well before the eyes. Mandibles small, projecting anteriorly, lacking scales, trisetose. Subgena sparsely setose. Prementum with two short fi ne setae. Antennae (Figs 1A, C, 2A, C, 3A, C, 4A, H, 5A, C, 6A, C, 7A, C, 8A, C, 9A, D) slender; scape reaching anterior border of pronotum in repose, longer than funicle; funicle 7-segmented, segments 1 and 2 conical, segments 3-7 as long as wide to slightly transverse, seldom distinctly transverse; club oval.
Description. Body length 2.6-6.9 mm. Body integument brownish to dark brownish, antennae and legs paler, monochromatic. Dorsal and ventral side of body densely covered by appressed rounded squamae (only one species glabrous), only rostrum excepting basal part glabrous, antennal funicles with clubs and tarsi setose. Dorsal side of body with inconspicuous, mostly short semi-appressed to semi-erect piliform setae, forming regular rows on elytral interstriae.
Head wide and short, slightly enlarged posteriorly; vertex fl at, as wide as base of rostrum; ventrally smooth, only sparsely squamose. Eyes medium sized, sub dorsal, slightly protruding above outline of head; in profi le sub circular, almost reaching dorsal border of head. Rostrum (Figs 1D, E, 2D, F, 3D, E, 4D, E, 5D, E, 6D, E, 7E, G, 8D, F, 9C, E) moderately long, 1.9-2.4× longer than wide, only in some species shorter, 1.3-1.4× longer than wide, in one species as long as wide, widest at base, narrows slightly apically, usually with slightly concave sides, slightly enlarged around antennal insertion; in profi le slightly regularly curved, separated from head by shallow, occasionally deep, depression with ill-defi ned borders. Epifrons short and narrow, distinctly carinate only in middle third of rostrum, carina occupying from one third to one half of 5F, 6F, 7J, 8H, 9K) slender, with segment 1 slightly shorter than 2+3, segment 3 bilobed, distinctly wider than segment 1 or 2; onychium shorter or longer than segment 3; claws free, somewhat divaricate.
Sexual dimorphism. Sexes externally indistinguishable except for slight differences in shape of ventrite 5.
Derivation of name. The genus takes its name from the contradiction of being "short-nosed weevils" (the common defi nition of Entiminae) having a long nose. It is derived from the Greek ὀξύς (oxýs), "sharp, keen, acute" and μωρός (mōros), "dull, stupid, foolish", a rhetorical fi gure conjoining words or terms apparently contradictory. Gender masculine.
Distribution. The genus is known only from South Africa, Western Cape province.
Biology. All the species in the new genus seem to inhabit fynbos vegetation, i.e., evergreen, hard-leaved shrub land occurring on nutrient-poor soils, associated with grasslike perennials (Manning, 2018), restricted to a relatively narrow strip along the coast in the south western part of Western Cape, between Vanrhynsdorp in the north and Port Elizabeth in the east. The species that were collected by the authors were sampled in the evening and at night by net sweeping or tree beating in fynbos in which the dominant vegetation is Restionaceae and shrubs. The specimens that were examined in museum collections were collected using pitfall traps (1 specimen, casually), by sweeping in fl ower meadows (1 specimen), or found in humus under bushes (1 species, 8 specimens).

Taxonomic remarks.
The new genus belongs to the tribe Oosomini, based on its free claws (this character distinguishes it from Embrithini Marshall, 1942), trisetose mandibles (distinguishing it from Otiorhynchini Schoenherr, 1826), dorsally placed antennal sockets (distinguishing it from Brachyderini Schoenherr, 1826 andSciaphilini Sharp, 1891), lack of ocular lobes and vibrissae (distinguishing it from Tanyrhynchini Schoenherr, 1826 andTanymecini Lacordaire, 1863) and lack of a protruding humeral callus (distinguishing it from Polydrusini Schoenherr, 1823). Within the Oosomini, Oxymorus shares several characters with the nominotypical genus Oosomus: rostrum longer than wide, slightly widened apically and with sides rounded around antennal sockets, posteriorly continuous with head, epifrons very narrow, distinctly carinate only between antennal sockets, carina poorly defi ned posteriorly, frons large, glabrous, not carinate posteriorly, epistome not developed, antennal sockets dorsally placed, in profi le very short, disappearing well before the eyes, metatibiae with apical surface glabrous and wide, suture between ventrites 1 and 2 sinuose. Oxymorus differs from Oosomus in the following characters: the short basal part of pronotum does not form a clear margin, but it is curved ventrally and covered in resting position by the basal margin of the elytra, the visible part of pronotum is covered by appressed scales similar to those on the elytra, the narrow hidden base is covered by half-sized, reciprocally isolated scales (in Oosomus the basal part of pronotum forms a clear sharp margin, lacking a hidden part); the female sternite VIII has a large, longer than wide, umbrella-shaped plate, with poorly delimited posterior border (vs. plate small, with well visible basal margin) and the gonocoxites with short, microscopic, almost invisible, subapical styli and a tuft of setae directed laterally (vs. short but visible apical styli with a tuft of setae directed apically).
Description. Body length 4.03-5.13 mm, holotype 4.25 mm. Body dark brownish, rostrum, antennae and legs paler, monochromatic, reddish brown. Dorsal and ventral part of body, antennal scapes and legs, except rostrum and tarsi, regularly densely covered with small, regularly rounded, fi nely longitudinally striate, greyish appressed scales with a pearly sheen, 5-6 across one elytral interstria, on pronotum slightly bigger than on remaining parts of body. Elytra with one regular row of slender, semi-erect, inconspicuous, hair-like setae on each interstria, about as long as half an interstria width.
Rostrum (Figs 1D, E) 1.98-2.13× longer than wide at apex, widest at base, at base 1.2-1.3× wider than at apex, very short base, distinctly tapered anteriorly, majority of the rostral length subparallel-sided with slightly concave sides, slightly enlarged only at midlength around sockets and the short apical part; in profi le weakly regularly curved, basally indistinctly, separated from head by a shallow depression. Epifrons small, sub rectangular, creating a slender area between antennal insertions, about as wide as half of the corresponding width of rostrum, fi nely punctate, glabrous. Frons large, glabrous, smooth, fi nely sparsely punctate. Antennal insertion before middle of rostrum. Sockets dorsally narrowly reniform, parallel. Head very wide and short; vertex fl at, wider than rostrum at apex. Eyes convex, hardly protruding beyond outline of head; in profi le not reaching dorsal border of head.
Penis (Figs 1J, K) short and wide, parallel-sided with only indistinctly rounded sides, apical part bluntly truncate, with distinct subtriangular tip; in profi le ventral side almost straight and dorsal side distinctly convex, tip distinctly elongate, slender, straight; endophallus (Figs 1M, N) with one long, black, S-shaped sclerite and two wider irregularly elongate and angular brownish sclerites. Spematheca ( Fig. 1L) with short and wide, regularly curved and pointed cornu; ramus rounded, slightly shorter than wide; collum slender, tube-shaped, about 3× longer than wide, at base distinctly curved.  (Fig. 10).
Derivation of the name. The species is named from the type locality, Uitkyk Pass.
Bionomics. All the specimens were collected by evening or late evening sweeping of fynbos where Restionaceae is predominant (Fig. 12).

Figs 2, 11
ZooBank taxon LSID: A096CF8D-C23A-48AA-9E40-CD184022D085 Differential diagnosis. Oxymorus antennalis sp. n. is similar, and probably closely related, to O. oculatus sp. n., with which it shares long antennae with scape as long as protibia, funicle segment 2 longer than segment 1 and protibia equally enlarged externally and internally; it has also similarly shaped sclerites of the endophallus. It differs from O. oculatus sp. n. as its elytra have long, conspicuous, semi-erect, apically pointed setae, longer than half the width of one interstria, basal third of rostrum distinctly narrower than at apex, and rostrum in profi le equally wide along the entire length, the eyes only slightly protruding beyond the outline of head, the elytra oval, 1.28× longer than wide, the tarsi narrower, with segment 3 as long as wide and the penis in profi le wide, irregularly enlarged, widest at basal third, with tip shortly projecting and in dorsal view with lateral sclerifi ed margins distinctly curved inward at midlength and with apex shorter, slightly prominent medially.
Description. Body length 3.66 mm. Body including antennae and legs reddish brown. Body except antennae and tarsi regularly densely covered with rounded, isolated, appressed scales, 5 across width of one interstria, pronotal scales slightly bigger than those on remaining part of body. Scales light brownish, elytra with slender, crescent-shaped transverse stripe on posterior declivity. Elytra with a single row of semi-erect, distinct, piliform, apically pointed setae, distinctly longer than half the width of one interstria; pronotum with short, erect setae. Head, rostrum and legs with short, semi-appressed setae. Rostrum (Figs 2D, F) 2.46× longer than wide at apex, widest at base and at place of antennal insertion, at base 1.23× as wide as at apex; between base and antennal insertion distinctly regularly concave, in narrowest point distinctly narrower than at apex; in profi le slightly curved, not wider at antennal insertion. Epifrons narrow, with slightly convex sides, smooth, glabrous, sparsely punctate, at antennal insertion as wide as one third of corresponding width of rostrum, occupying less than half the rostral length. Frons large, glabrous, in middle part unpunctuated, posteriorly not separated from epifrons. Epistome not developed. Antennal sockets dorsally placed, reniform. Antennal insertion on apical third of rostrum. Head very short; vertex fl at, as wide as rostrum at base. Eyes slightly protruding beyond outline of head; in profi le near to dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 2C) slender and very long, scape almost as long as funicle or protibia, signifi cantly exceeding anterior border of pronotum in repose, straight, slightly enlarged short apical portion, here as wide as club; funicle segment 2 very long, 3.4× longer than wide, 1.4× longer than segment 1, which is 2.1× longer than wide; segments 3 and 4 1.7× longer than wide; segments 5 and 6 1.4× longer than wide; segment 7 1.2× longer than wide; club slender, 3.0× longer than wide; club very slender, 3.1× longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 2E) 1.48× wider than long, transverse oval, with rounded sides, widest in posterior part, significantly constricted behind anterior border, at base distinctly wider than anteriorly; base arched; disc distinctly, regularly domed, fi nely, densely, regularly granulated, granules with small puncture on top. Elytra ( Fig. 2A) oval, 1.28× longer than wide; widest at midlength, with regularly rounded sides, apically broadly rounded. Base as wide as base of pronotum. Interstriae wide, almost fl at; striae narrow, fi nely punctate. Integument under vestiture weakly mat, fi nely punctate. Protibiae ( Fig. 2H) straight, 7.4× longer than wide, at apex slightly more widened laterally than medially, apically slightly rounded, fringed with short, sparse, yellowish spines, shortly mucronate with brush of yellowish setae; inner side of apical half of protibiae denticulate with 8 small blackish spines. Tarsi (Fig. 2J) medium sized, segment 2 1.2× wider than long; segment 3 as long as wide and 1.4× wider than segment 2; onychium 0.6× as long as segment 3.
Derivation of the name. One of the main characters of this species are the very long antennae, hence the specifi c epithet.

Figs 3, 11
ZooBank taxon LSID: 57AC2B4A-237B-448E-911F-BB6E0D51F254 Differential diagnosis. Oxymorus johnprinei sp. n. is similar to O. uitkyk sp. n. in its long rostrum, pronotum without longitudinal ridges, short antennal scapes and funicle segment 2 as long as 1, epifrons not carinate to base of rostrum and elytra with distinct semi-erect setae. It differs from O. uitkyk sp. n. in that the pronotum and elytra are sparsely covered by long oval appressed scales, rostrum at base as wide as at apex, protibiae not denticulate and collum of the spermatheca is straight.
Description. Body length of holotype 3.63 mm. Body brownish, pronotum and head with rostrum darker, dark brownish. Dorsal and ventral part of body sparsely covered by slender, long oval appressed scales, not covering integument, 5-6 across one elytral interstria, legs and antennae sparsely covered by semi-appressed slender, hairlike setae, lacking scales. Elytra with one regular row of semi-erect hair-like setae, about as long as half an interstria width, bent backwards, visible mainly in profi le.
Rostrum (Figs 3D, F) 1.88× longer than wide at apex, at base as wide as at apex, in basal half with slightly concave sides, distinctly broadened around sockets, then slightly enlarged apically; in profi le regularly curved, basally barely distinct from head by a shallow depression. Epifrons less than half of corresponding width of rostrum, impunctate, smooth. Frons short, smooth, impunctate. Antennal insertion slightly before midlength of rostrum. Sockets dorsally forming elongate fossae. Vertex narrow with a small median fovea. Eyes convex, slightly protruding above outline of head; in profi le reaching dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 3C) slender and moderately long, scape 1.2× longer than funicle, 0.9× as long as protibia, at apex 0.8× as wide as club; funicle segment 1 1.7× longer than wide and as long as segment 2, which is 1.9× longer than wide; segment 3 1.2× longer than wide; segment 4 1.1× longer than wide; segments 5 and 6 as long as wide; segment 7 1.1× wider than long; club slender and long, 2.1× longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 3E) 1.31× wider than long, distinctly domed, basal third widest, with distinctly rounded sides, weakly constricted behind anterior border; integument smooth, shiny, very fi nely, densely punctuate. Elytra (Fig. 3A) long oval, 1.24× longer than wide, widest at midlength, sides distinctly rounded, narrowly rounded apically, at base slightly wider than base of pronotum. Interstriae wide and fl at; striae punctuate. Integument smooth, shiny. Protibiae (Fig. 3G) slender, 8.6× longer than wide at midlength, narrowly conspicuously produced externally in a narrow elongate lobe, at apex slightly rounded, apically armed with a dense fringe of short yellowish bristles and several short, stout yellowish spines on process, with short mucro; inner side not denticulate. Tarsi (Fig. 3J) slender, segment 2 1.1× longer than wide; segment 3 1.1× wider than long and 1.6× wider than segment 2; onychium 0.8× as long as segment 3. Spermatheca (Fig. 3K) with long and slender, regularly curved cornu; corpus rounded; ramus short and wide, wider than long, tapered apically; collum straight, twice as long as wide, distinctly evenly tapered apically. Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Swellendam (Fig.  11).
Derivation of the name. This species is named in memory of the late John Prine (1946-2020), American folk singer and songwriter who sadly passed away due to Coronavirus while we were completing this paper.
Bionomics. According to the label, the type specimen was collected in fl owering meadow.

Figs 4, 11
ZooBank taxon LSID: 47AC8716-1A7D-4909-8400-ADD9ABA01932 Differential diagnosis. Oxymorus minor sp. n., the smallest species in the genus, is mainly characterized by its glabrous body lacking appressed scales, the vertex narrower than the base of rostrum, the funicle segments 4-7 distinctly transverse, about twice as wide as long, the pronotum with punctures merged into narrow longitudinal furrows and the long and slender penis with a single sclerite.
Description. Body length, holotype 2.56 mm. Body dark brownish, antennae and legs monochromatic, reddish brown. Body dorsally and ventrally glabrous, lacking appressed squamae; interstriae with a single row of semiappressed hair-like setae, setae slightly longer than half the width of one interstria, pronotum with similar setae directed posteriorly.
Rostrum (Figs 4D, F) 1.33× longer than wide at apex, at base as wide as at apex, at middle conspicuously enlarged around antennal insertion; in profi le almost fl at, curved only in short basal part, separated from head by shallow depression. Epifrons short and wide, as wide as club, parallel-sided, shiny, laterally fi nely punctate, with indistinct longitudinal median keel. Frons smooth, not punctate, almost as long as a third of rostral length. Sockets dorsally fully visible, forming elongated fossae. Antennal insertion behind middle of rostrum. Head wide; vertex narrower than base of rostrum. Eyes moderately large, hardly protruding above outline of head; in profi le almost reaching dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 4H) short and robust, scape as long as funicle, 0.6× as long as protibia, at apex 0.7× as wide as club; funicle segment 1 1.1× longer than wide and as long as segment 2, which is 1.5× longer than wide; segment 3 as long as wide; segments 4 and 5 1.9× wider than long; segment 6 twice as wide as long; segment 7 2.1× wider than long; club short and wide, 1.2× longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 4E) 1.17× wider than long, almost as wide as elytra, widest shortly behind midlength with distinctly rounded sides, domed, but on disc somewhat fl attened, just behind anterior border slightly constricted; disc fi nely densely punctuate, punctures merged into irregular, narrow longitudinal furrows, with inconspicuous, narrow, impunctate, longitudinal median line. Elytra (Fig. 4A) elongate-oval, 1.25× longer than wide, widest slightly before midlength, with regularly rounded sides, apically narrowly rounded; disc glossy; interstriae fl at, with a single row of sparse, very fi ne punctures; striae deep, shallowly punctate. Protibiae (Fig. 4C) straight, 5.9× longer than wide at midlength, constricted before apex, conspicuously enlarged externally, expanded to a narrow long lateral lobe, apically armed with short, minute, sparse, yellowish spines, with small, unobtrusive mucro; on inner side not denticulate. Tarsi (Fig. 4C) short and robust, segment 2 1.3× wider than long; segment 3 1.5× wider than long and 1.4× wider than segment 2; onychium as long as segment 3.
Derivation of the name. This is the smallest species so far known, hence its specifi c epithet.

Bionomics. The type specimen was collected in pitfall trap baited with meat.
Oxymorus obesus sp. n.
Description. Body length 4.13-5.44 mm, holotype 4,13 mm. Body dark brownish, antennae and legs paler, monochromatic, reddish brown. Dorsal and ventral part of body, antennal scapes and legs excepting tarsi regularly densely covered with small, greyish appressed scales, on pronotum slightly larger than on other parts, 7-8 across one elytral interstria, scales densely fi nely striolate. Underside of head sparsely scaled, lateral parts of rostrum with only short, sparse, hair-like appressed setae. Elytra with one regular row of slender hair-like setae on each interstria, setae on disc semi-appressed, curved posteriorly, on declivity semierect, inconspicuous, almost as long as half the width of an interstria.
Rostrum (Figs 5D, E) 1.32-1.39× longer than width at apex, widest at base, with evenly and distinctly concave sides, narrowest at midlength, at base 1.27-1.33× as wide as at apex; in profi le fl at, at base abruptly bevelled, distinctly separated from head by a deep transverse furrow. Epifrons small and narrow, subtriangular, evenly tapered posteriorly with straight sides, at apex as wide as one third, at base as one fi fth, of corresponding width of rostrum; epifrons shallowly deepened, laterally carinate with very slender median longitudinal carina. Frons fi nely punctuate, posteriorly not separated from epifrons. Sockets dorsally fully visible, reniform, posteriorly become closer, their distance on posterior border equal to width of club. Antennal insertion before middle of rostrum. Head wide, distinctly enlarged posteriorly; vertex fl at, about as wide as rostrum at midlength. Eyes moderately large, almost fl at, barely protruding above outline of head; in profi le very near to dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 5C) slender and short, scape 1.1× longer than funicle, 0.8-0.9× as long as protibia, reaching anterior border of pronotum in repose, at apex as wide as club, straight, apical quarter weakly evenly enlarged; funicle segments 1 and 2 equally long, segment 1 2.3-2.4× longer than wide; segment 2 2.0-2.2× longer than wide; segment 3 1.1-1.2× longer than wide; segment 4 1.1× longer than wide; segments 5 and 6 as long as wide; segment 7 as long as wide to 1.1× wider than long; club spindle-shaped, 1.8× as long as wide.
Derivation of the name. The dumpy, robust, distinctly convex body suggested the specifi c epithet.

Figs 6, 11
ZooBank taxon LSID: 85E34774-4B55-414A-AFD4-3FEB08118975 Differential diagnosis. Oxymorus oculatus sp. n. is distinguished from most other species in the genus by its long antennae with scape as long as protibia, the funicle segment 2 1.4-1.5× longer than segment 1 and shape of penis, including the form of the sclerites. In all these characters it is similar only to O. antennalis sp. n., from which it can be distinguished mainly by the elytra with short, inconspicuous, semi-appressed, apically rounded setae, shorter than half the width of an interstria, rostrum in basal third slightly narrower than at apex and in profi le widest at antennal insertion, eyes conspicuously protruding beyond the outline of head, elytra long oval, 1.13-1.19× longer than wide, tarsi robust, with segment 3 1.2-1.3× wider than long and penis narrow in profi le and with obtuse apex.
Description. Body length 3.84-5.06 mm, holotype 4.52 mm. Body including antennae and legs dark brownish to dark reddish brown. Dorsal and ventral part of body excepting antennae and tarsi densely covered with rounded, fi nely striate appressed scales, 5-6 across width of one interstria, on elytra imbricate, on remaining part of body isolated, scales on pronotum twice as large as those on other parts of body. Scales greyish, elytra with two ill-defi ned, light or dark brownish U-shaped spots longitudinally placed on interstriae 5 and 7-8, connected by transverse stripe of dark brownish scales of irregular width on posterior declivity. Elytra with one regular row of short, inconspicuous, semi-appressed, narrowly subspatulate setae, apically rounded, bent posteriorly, barely shorter than half the width of an interstria. Pronotum with similar setae as on elytra, but shorter, semi-appressed, directed posteriorly, inserted on small punctate granules. Head with rostrum and legs with very short, hardly visible semi-appressed setae.
Rostrum (Figs 6D, E) 2.35-2.39× longer than wide at apex, widest at base and where the antennae are inserted, between base and antennal insertion slightly regularly concave, at narrowest point only slightly narrower than apex of rostrum, from antennal insertion weakly evenly tapered apically, at base 1.22-1.25× as wide as at apex; in profi le weakly curved, widest at place of antennal insertion, separated from head by shallow depression. Epifrons narrow, at place of antennal insertion about as wide as one third of corresponding width of rostrum, occupying less than half the rostral length, weakly tapering posteriorly, weakly convex, glabrous, fi nely punctate with slender longitudinal median unpunctured keel. Frons large, glabrous, fi nely and sparsely punctate, posteriorly not separated from epifrons. Epistome not developed. Sockets dorsally reniform. Antennal insertion on apical third of rostrum. Head very short and wide; vertex fl at, about as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes large, conspicuously protruding beyond outline of head but not distinctly more so posteriorly; in profi le very near to dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 6C) slender and very long, scape as long as funicle and protibia, distinctly exceeding anterior border of pronotum in repose, straight, weakly enlarged apically, at apex as wide as club; funicle segment 2 very long, 2.7-2.8× longer than wide, 1.4-1.5× longer than segment 1, which is 1.8-1.9× longer than wide; segment 3 1.5× longer than wide; segments 4 and 5 1.2-1.3× longer than wide; segments 6 and 7 1.2× longer than wide; club slender, 2.5-2.7× longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 6H) 1.30-1.35× wider than long, transverse oval, with distinctly rounded sides and basal third widest, signifi cantly constricted behind anterior border, posterior border twice as wide as anterior one; base weakly arched; disc regularly domed, under vestiture fi nely densely granulated, granules lacking scales, punctate on top, bearing a slender brownish seta. Elytra (Fig. 6A) elongate-oval, 1.13-1.19× longer than wide, widest at midlength, with regularly rounded sides, apically broadly rounded. Base as wide as base of pronotum. Interstriae wide and slightly convex; striae narrow, punctate. Integument under vestiture glabrous, shiny, sparsely and fi nely punctate. Protibiae (Fig. 6F) straight, robust, 6.6-7.2× longer than wide, equally enlarged laterally and medially, apically distinctly rounded with numerous, very short and fi ne, yellowish to brownish spines, at inner angle shortly mucronate with short brush of setae; inner side of protibiae denticulate on apical half with 6-7 small blackish spines. Tarsi (Fig.  6F) robust, segment 2 1.3-1.4× wider than long; segment 3 1.2-1.3× wider than long and 1.3-1.4× wider than segment 2; onychium 0.5-0.6× as long as segment 3.
Derivation of the name. The peculiar, strongly posteriorly prominent eyes suggested the specifi c epithet.
Bionomics. All the specimens were collected umbrella beating various shrubs in fynbos.

Figs 7, 10
ZooBank taxon LSID: B81DC678-14FD-4782-87A3-7AF41842F773 Differential diagnosis. This is the biggest species in the genus, mainly characterized by the epifrons distinctly carinate just at the base of rostrum, tricarinate along entire length, elytra lacking erect or semi-erect setae in profi le and shape of spermatheca.
Description. Body length 6.44-6.86 mm, holotype 6.51 mm. Body blackish, antennae and legs paler, monochromatic, reddish brown. Entire body excepting rostrum, antennal funicle, clubs and tarsi densely covered with small, regularly rounded appressed scales, 9-10 across one elytral interstria, greyish; elytra with horseshoe-shaped dark brownish spot on posterior declivity, reaching middle of elytra on interstriae 4 and 5 and with a dark stripe on sutural interstria on apical half. Elytra with one regular row of very short, appressed, long oval setae, as long as diameter of two appressed scales, invisible in profi le.
Rostrum (Figs 7E, G) 1.95-2.11× longer than wide at apex, at base 1.28-1.35× wider than at apex, only the short basal part tapers anteriorly, then parallel-sided with straight sides, except for broadening around sockets; in profi le only slightly curved, basally slightly separated from head by shallow depression. Epifrons narrow, more slender in basal third, distinctly wider basally and evenly gradually widens apically, with narrow longitudinal median keel and distinctly carinate borders reaching almost to base of rostrum, here distinctly more slender than space between anterior margins of eyes. Frons large, smooth, fi nely sparsely punctuate, convex. Sockets dorsally narrowly reniform; antennal insertion on middle of rostrum. Antennal insertion before middle of rostrum. Vertex slightly wider than rostrum at apex. Eyes convex and protruding well above the outline of head; in profi le not reaching dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 7C) slender and short, scape 1.2-1.3× longer than funicle, 0.8× as long as protibia, at apex 0.9× as wide as club; funicle segment 1 1.7-1.8× longer than wide and as long as segment 2, which is 1.9-2.0× longer than wide; segments 3-6 as long as wide; segment 7 1.2-1.3× wider than long; club 1.8-1.9× longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 7F) 1.39-1.45× wider than long, widest at basal third, with distinctly rounded sides, weakly constricted behind anterior border, distinctly domed. Elytra (Fig. 7A) long oval, 1.27-1.31× longer than wide, widest at midlength with slightly rounded sides, at base slightly wider than base of pronotum; in profi le convex. Interstriae wide and fl at; striae narrow. Protibiae (Fig. 7I) short, 7.0-7.1× longer than wide at midlength, strongly produced externally in a narrow expansion, apically slightly rounded, with dense fringe of very short, yellowish bristles, outer part stouter and with short mucro; inner side of apical half indistinctly denticu- late with 5-6 brownish very small spines. Tarsi (Fig. 7J) slender, segment 2 1.2-1.3× wider than long; segment 3 1.4× wider than long and 1.8× wider than segment 2; onychium 1.2-1.3× longer than segment 3. Spermatheca (Fig. 7L) with moderately slender, regularly curved and pointed cornu; corpus large, slightly angular; ramus as long as wide, slightly tapering apically; collum slender, about 3× longer than wide at base, evenly tapering apically, before tip distinctly curved.
Derivation of the name. We name this species after Rika du Plessis, Conservation Manager of the Cederberg Complex, Cape Nature.
Bionomics. The type specimens were collected by sweeping in fynbos, together with O. uitkyk.
Description. Body length 4.84-5.38 mm, holotype 5.13 mm. Body dark brownish, funicles with clubs and tarsi paler, reddish brown. Dorsal and ventral part of body including rostrum, antennal scapes and legs except tarsi regularly densely covered with small, rounded, distinctly longitudinally striolate appressed scales, 6-8 across interstria width. Elytra with 1-2 irregular rows of wide, subspatulate setae, appressed on basal half, semi-appressed on posterior declivity, setae as long as half the width of interstria; pronotum and head with rostrum with the same semi-appressed spatulate setae irregularly densely scattered, shorter than those on elytra. Elytra light brownish, with dark brownish longitudinal stripes on interstriae 1 and 5 and transverse stripes on posterior declivity and at apex; pronotum dark brownish with slender longitudinal stripes on middle and lateral parts; head and rostrum light brownish.
Penis (Figs 8J, K) short, widest at base, slightly evenly tapering apically to a conspicuously long tip with distinct concave sides; in profi le distinctly curved with long straight tip; endophallus (Figs 8N, O, P) with 3 long, pointed and 1 U-shaped sclerite. Spermatheca (Fig. 8I) with regularly curved, somewhat wide cornu; corpus elongated; ramus rounded, small, slightly wider than long, with oblique to longitudinal axis; collum slender and long, almost straight, evenly tapering apically, about 3× longer than wide at base.  10).
Derivation of the name. The very narrow frons where the antennae are inserted suggested the specifi c epithet.
Bionomics. According to the locality label, it was found in humus under bushes.  Oxymorus sulcaticollis sp. n.

Figs 9, 11
ZooBank taxon LSID: EFB6CE41-02DD-4FE1-BC67-B0A51AA7E8F2 Differential diagnosis. Oxymorus sulcaticollis sp. n. differs from all other species in the genus by the dorsal part of pronotum bearing distinct and regular longitudinal ridges separated by deep narrow grooves.
Description. Body length 3.63-4.25 mm, holotype 3.81 mm. Body dark brownish, rostrum, anterior border of pronotum, antennae and legs paler, reddish brown. Dorsal and ventral part of body, antennal scapes and legs, except rostrum and tarsi, regularly densely covered with small, regularly rounded, greyish appressed scales with a slight cupreous sheen, 6-7 across one elytral interstria. Elytra with one regular row of slender, semi-appressed, inconspicuous, hair-like setae on each interstria, shorter than half the width of an interstria, well visible in profi le.
Rostrum (Figs 9C, E) 1.74-1.89× as long as wide at apex, at base 1.19-1.24× wider than at apex, with slightly concave sides, indistinctly enlarged around sockets; in profi le weakly regularly curved, short apical part declined, basally indistinctly separated from head by shallow depression. Epifrons elongate, angular, creating slender area between antennal insertions, about as wide as half of corresponding width of rostrum, with weakly concave sides, fi nely punctate, glabrous. Frons large, glabrous, smooth, indistinctly fi nely sparsely punctate. Sockets dorsally narrowly reniform, parallel; in profi le very short, extended posteriorly. Antennal insertion before middle of rostrum. Head very wide and short; vertex fl at, as wide as rostrum at apex. Eyes convex, barely protruding above the outline of head; in profi le not reaching dorsal border of head. Antennae (Fig. 9D) slender and short, scape 1.2× longer than funicle, 0.8× as long as protibia, at apex 0.8× as wide as club; funicle segment 1, 1.7-1.8× longer than wide, as long as segment 2, which is 2.2-2.4× longer than wide; segments 3 and 4 1.3× longer than wide; segment 5 as long as wide; segment 6 1.1× wider than long; segment 7 1.2× wider than long; club 1.6× longer than wide. Pronotum (Fig. 9F) 1.40-1.44× wider than long, basal third widest and distinctly tapering anteriorly. Disc with very conspicuous, regular longitudinal ridges separated by deep narrow grooves along the whole length, only a short strip just behind anterior border smooth. Elytra (Fig. 9A) short oval, 1.11-1.15× longer than wide, widest in middle with regularly rounded sides, broadly rounded apically, at base distinctly wider than base of pronotum; interstriae wide and fl at; striae narrow. Integument under scales fi nely, densely, regularly granulate. Protibiae (Fig. 9L) short and robust, 6.1-6.5× longer than wide in middle, at apex produced externally into a long slender process, apically truncated, inner part with dense row of short yellowish setae, on outer third very short and stout yellowish spines; inner side on apical half denticulate, with 6-8 small blackish spines. Tarsi (Fig. 9K) moderately long, segment 2 1.3× wider than long; segment 3 1.2-1.3× wider than long and 1.3-1.4× wider than segment 2; onychium 1.4-1.5× longer than segment 3. Spermatheca (Fig. 9J) with short and wide, evenly curved and pointed cornu; ramus sub quadrate, as long as wide; collum about as long as cornu, 3× as long as width at base, straight, evenly distinctly tapering apically. Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape, Ceres, Waboonberg Mts (Fig. 11).
Derivation of the name. This species takes its name from the conspicuous longitudinal ridges on pronotum.