Annotated checklist of the plant bug tribe Mirini ( Heteroptera : Miridae : Mirinae ) recorded on the Korean Peninsula , with descriptions of three new species

An annotated checklist of the tribe Mirini (Miridae: Mirinae) recorded on the Korean peninsula is presented. A total of 113 species, including newly described and newly recorded species are recognized. Three new species, Apolygus hwasoonanus Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n., A. seonheulensis Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n. and Stenotus penniseticola Oh, Yasunaga & Lee, sp. n., are described. Eight species, Apolygus adustus (Jakovlev, 1876), Charagochilus (Charagochilus) longicornis Reuter, 1885, C. (C.) pallidicollis Zheng, 1990, Pinalitopsis rhodopotnia Yasunaga, Schwartz & Chérot, 2002, Philostephanus tibialis (Lu & Zheng, 1998), Rhabdomiris striatellus (Fabricius, 1794), Yamatolygus insulanus Yasunaga, 1992 and Y. pilosus Yasunaga, 1992 are reported for the fi rst time from the Korean peninsula. Korean specimens previously identifi ed as Eurystylus luteus Hsaio, 1941 are correctly recognized as E. sauteri Poppius, 1915. Three new synonyms are proposed: Apolygus atriclavus Kim & Jung, 2016 syn. n. of A. xanthomelas Yasunaga & Yasunaga, 2000, A. josifovi Kim & Jung, 2016 syn. n. of A. subpulchellus (Kerzhner, 1988) and Capsus koreanus Kim & Jung, 2015 syn. n. of C. wagneri Remane, 1950. Dorsal habitus photographs of the newly described or recorded species are presented along with fi gures of the genitalia of the new species. Keys to Korean genera and to species of Apolygus and Stenotus are provided. Zoogeography of the East Asian Mirini fauna is also discussed. ZooBank Article LSID: FC4A028C-C7A8-420B-8385-AA139FAD1761 * Corresponding author; e-mail: seung@snu.ac.kr INTRODUCTION Mirinae is the most diverse subfamily within the family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and includes more than 4,000 species (Cassis & Schuh, 2012). In Korea, mirids were recorded early in the 20th century by several Japanese researchers, and Korean researchers started to contribute to the Korean mirid fauna from mid-1940s (Cho, 1947; Miyamoto & Lee, 1966). Since then, numerous new species of plant bugs from the Korean peninsula have been recognized and described. M. Josifov and I.M. Kerzhner made substantial contributions to the taxonomy of Korean Miridae from 1970 to 1995. Josifov & Kerzhner (1972) describe and report 57 species of Miridae from the Korean peninsula (including 33 spp. of Mirini). Josifov (1992) later reports 102 species Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 467–492, 2018 doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.048


INTRODUCTION
Mirinae is the most diverse subfamily within the family Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) and includes more than 4,000 species (Cassis & Schuh, 2012).In Korea, mirids were recorded early in the 20th century by several Japanese researchers, and Korean researchers started to contribute to the Korean mirid fauna from mid-1940s (Cho, 1947;Miyamoto & Lee, 1966).Since then, numerous new species of plant bugs from the Korean peninsula have been recognized and described.
Genus Yamatolygus Yasunaga, 1992 Yasunaga, 1992c;Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999.112.Yamatolygus insulanus Yasunaga, 1992 (Fig. 4D) -Asia: South Korea (new record), Japan, Material examined.South Korea, Jeju-do: 1♂, Jeju-si, 12.v.2008Summary.Previously, 104 species of Mirini were recorded from the Korean peninsula.In this study, the total number of species is raised to 113.Among these, dry specimens of 91 species were examined by the senior author, three new species are described and 8 species are newly recorded from Korea    -Ratio of maximum width of antennal segment II to III greater than 1.
Description.Male.Body oblong oval, small; Colouration: Basic colouration pale brown with dark markings; Head pale brown; basal transverse carina of vertex tinged with brown; frons yellowish brown; clypeus entirely dark; maxillary plate tinged with reddish brown.Antennae brown; dark brown except pale brown segment I, basal 3/4 of segment II, and bases of segments III and IV.Labium yellowish brown, apical part of segment IV dark.Pronotum dirty yellowish brown, a pair of brown spots on anterior margin.Scutellum whitish and base narrowly tinged with pale brown.Hemelytra pale brown with dark markings; base and inner margin of clavus and posterior part of corium dark brown; cuneus pale yellow, base and apex dark; membrane smoky grey.Legs pale yellow; distal half and base of metafemur sanguineous, with obscure reddish brown rings apically; tibial spines dark brown, fuscous spot at base; tarsi pale brown, tarsomeres III with dark apex.Abdomen tinged with red.Surface and vestiture: Dorsal surface weakly shiny, reclining pale yellow setae widely dispersed on dorsum.Head glossy, sparsely covered with silvery pubescence; frons weakly striolate.Pronotum slightly glabrous, minutely punctate; covered with short, suberect pale setae.Scutellum smooth, surface covered with short, pale pubescence.Hemelytra densely covered with reclining, pale setae.Structure: Antennae slender.Labium reaching base of metacoxa.Male genitalia as in Figs 9C-D, 10C-D; sensory lobe of left paramere weakly protruding, sparsely covered with long setae; hypophysis tapering apically, medially thin; sensory lobe of right paramere elongate; hypophysis rather short, crooked apically; NS short, not extending to SGP; MS elongated, medially twisted and narrow; VSC triangular, elongated; SLS horizontally wide and spinous, basal part narrow; LS slightly bent subapically, more or less slender; WS subtriangular and apically protruding, with arch like upper margin.Female.Unknown.
Remarks.In Korea, this species can be confused with congeners of similar appearance [e.g. A. pulchellus (Reuter), A. subhilaris (Yasunaga)], but can be distinguished by its smaller size, entirely dark clypeus, mainly pale antennal segment II, sanguineous colouration of abdomen, arch-like upper margin of the WS, and laterally wide SLS of male genitalia.Diagnosis.Recognized by rather small size; weakly glabrous and setose hemelytra; basic colouration dark brown (Fig. 5B).Male genitalia as in Figs 9E-F, 10E-F; MS slender and elongated; NS short, and thin; WS subtriangular, with serration and several spines laterally (11D, H, L, 12D, H, L).

Apolygus seonheulensis
Description.Male.Body oblong oval, rather small; Colouration: Basic colouration dark brown.Head pale brown; basal transverse carina of vertex narrowly brownish; frons pale brown; clypeus entirely dark; maxillary plates widely brownish.Labium pale orange brown, apical part of segment IV dark.Pronotum pale brown; anterior base before calli not dark, weakly tinged with grey posteriorly.Scutellum whitish and base narrowly tinged with pale brown.Hemelytra mainly fuscous; cuneus pale yellow, base and apex dark; membrane smoky grey.Legs pale brown; proand midfemur with two obscure brownish spots apically; tibial spines dark brown, fuscous spot at base; tarsi brown, tarsomeres III dark.Abdomen dark brown, pygophore reddish brown.Surface and vestiture: Dorsal surface weakly shiny, reclining pale yellow setae widely dispersed on dorsum.Head glossy, sparsely covered with silvery pubescence; frons weakly striolate.Pronotum slightly glabrous, minutely punctate; covered with short, suberect pale setae.Scutellum smooth, surface covered with short, pale pubescence.Hemelytra covered with reclining, pale yellow setae.Structure: Antennae missing.Labium reaching base of midcoxa.Male genitalia as in 9E-F, 10E-F; sensory lobe of left paramere weakly protruding, sparsely covered with long setae; hypophysis medially thin, pointed end; sensory lobe of right paramere elongate; hypophysis straight in lateral view, crooked apically; NS short, not extending to SGP; MS elongate, weakly curved and narrow end; VSC elongate, blunt apically; SLS horizontally wide and spinous, narrow basally; LS more or less straight, pointed; WS subtriangular, with several spines laterally.Female.Unknown.
Etymology.Named after the type locality, Seonheul; an adjective.
Remarks.In Korea, this species can be confused with other congeners of similar appearance [e.g. A. hilaris (Horváth), A. subhilaris (Yasunaga)], but can be distinguished by its completely dark clypeus, scutellum with dark markings, weakly developed NS, and WS with a spinous structure.
This new species is based on one male specimen.The antennae and hindlegs are missing and unavailable for description.However, the new species can be distinguished from the Palearctic species with a similar appearance to A. seonheulensis (e.g. A. eous, A. fraxinicola, A. furvus, A. hilaris) by its pale brown head and widely pale scutellum, dark brown hemelytra and clavus, dark brown abdomen, pro-and midfemur without reddish tinge, peculiar shape of its WS and weakly developed NS.
Remarks.We examined specimens of Apolygus subpulchellus in SNUM, and propose A. josifovi Kim & Jung, 2016 as a junior synonym of A. subpulchellus (Kerzhner, 1988).The diagnostic characters of A. josifovi are almost the same as the description of A. subpulchellus (Yasunaga, 1992), and the genitalia of both nominal species are identical.
Remarks.We reexamined specimens identifi ed as Apolygus atriclavus Kim & Jung, 2016 in SNUM and NAAS collections, and compared them with Japanese A. xanthomelas described by Yasunaga & Yasunaga (2000).We found minute differences, larger body size, and colouration of pronotal calli and antennae of Korean population.However, the genitalia are not signifi cantly different in these two taxa.Based on our observations, we propose A. atriclavus as a junior synonym of A. xanthomelas.Remarks.We reexamined the specimens of Capsus koreanus Kim & Jung, 2015 in SNUM and compared these with Japanese C. wagneri from NAAS and Kim et al. (2015b).The external characteristics of C. koreanus coincide with one of the colour variations documented for C. wagneri (Kerzhner, 1988).Furthermore, the genitalia of these nominal species do not differ signifi cantly.For these reasons, we designate C. koreanus as a junior synonym of C. wagneri.Diagnosis.Recognized by small the size of males, moderate size of females; body elongate and oval, weakly glabrous; basic colouration pale yellow to greenish, usually with a pair of brownish stripes on dorsum (Figs 6A-D, 7A-F).Male genitalia as in Fig. 13A-C; endosoma with partly membranous ALB and distinctly spiny SLB (Fig. 13A).Female genitalia as in Fig. 14A-B.
Description.Male.Body elongated oval, small to moderate size; Colouration: Body pale yellow to greenish; Head pale yellow; frons pale yellow; clypeus brownish or pale yellow, often partly tinged with a pale brown spot.Antennae yellowish brown; antennal segment I basally dark or often weakly tinged with red.Labium yellowish brown, apical part of segment IV dark.Pronotum pale yellow to pale green, with a pair of distinct or obscure stripes.Scutellum pale yellow to pale green.Hemelytra weakly shiny, pale yellow to greenish, distal part of clavus and inner margin of hemelytra with distinct brown stripe or obscure; clavus and inner part of corium slightly dark; cuneus pale yellow; membrane pale grey.Legs pale yellow to brown; metafemur slender, pale yellow to brownish, often tinged with red; metatibiae pale yellow; tibial spines pale brown; tarsi brown, apical 1/3-1/4 of tarsomeres III dark; abdomen pale yellow, with brown, narrow vertical line laterally; pygophore pale brown.Surface and vestiture: Dorsal surface weakly shiny, covered with silvery or dark brown setae.Head weakly glabrous, covered with pale brown setae; frons weakly striolate; Antennae covered with short, dark brown setae.Pronotum pale yellow to pale green, covered with pale brown to brown, short setae.Scutellum covered with pale, reclining pubescence.Hemelytra weakly shiny, densely covered with pale, reclining pubescence and pale brown setae.Femora densely covered with suberect, brown setae.Structure: Head without basal transverse carina.Antennal segment I short and incrassate, segment II, III and IV slender.Labium reaching apex of metacoxa.Legs slender.Male genitalia as in Fig. 13A-C; sensory lobe on left paramere distinctly protruding, sparsely covered with long setae; hypophysis tapering apically, slightly curved; sensory lobe of right paramere straight, not protruding; hypophysis short, pointed-end; secondary gonopore vertically elongate; accessory lobe partly sclerotized, widely serrate; secondary lobe elongate, highly spinose; primary lobe large, membranous apically; seminal duct spade like.
Remarks.The body of this species can be one of two colours.Type I has a pale greenish dorsum, more distinct brownish colouration on the clypeus, pronotum, hemelytra and femora.Type II has a pale straminous, obscure brownish stripe on the dorsum, abdomen and femora are partly tinged with red.
This species can be confused with S. rubrovittatus (Matsumura) and S. insularis Poppius, but is distinguished by its more brownish dorsum without red markings, and metafemur that is not mainly sanguineous or reddish.The Australian species, S. witchelina Namyatova, Schwartz & Cassis has a similar appearance to the pale phenotype of S. penniseticola, but S. witchelina can be distinguished as its head lacks red tinge, dorsum has pale brown markings and the structure of its parameres and endosoma.

Zoogeography of the tribe Mirini in East Asia
(Figs 1, 15; Table 3) East Asia makes up about 30 percent of the total area of the Asian continent (Fig. 15).This subregion includes six states (China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan) and two dependencies (Hong Kong, Macau).Due to its large area, East Asia includes various types of biomes and climates, ranging from tropical, subtropical and temperate to subarctic and boreal.
Most genera in Korea are also present in adjacent states like China, Far East Russia, Japan and Mongolia, as these states have similar latitudes and climates.Some subtropical genera, such as Macrolygus, Pantilius, Pinalitopsis and Yamatolygus were newly reported in the southern area of the Korean Peninsula (e.g.Jeju Island).The presence of these genera in Korea is probably due to recent climate warming in Korea.Of the 41 genera reported from Korea, two are endemic and monotypic: Josifovolygus and Koreocoris.
China is the biggest state in East Asia, and includes almost all biomes and climates.61 genera were reported from China with some endemic genera such as Elthemidea, Hetero lygus, Liistonotus, Metasequoiamiris and Phytocoridea (the latter is monotypic).
Far East Russia has a cold temperate to subarctic climate, and most regions are classifi ed as boreal forest.38 genera are reported from Far East Russia, none of which are endemic.
Japan has a range of climates from subtropical to cold temperate.Japan is also made up of a large number of islands, which may have contributed to the high biodiversity recorded there.56 genera are reported from Japan, with some endemic genera such as Azumamiris, Eocalocoris, Lygocorias, Miyamotoa, Neolygopsis, Nepiolygus and Pseudolygocoris.Among them, Azumamiris, Lygocorias, Miyamotoa, Neolygopsis and Nepiolygus are monotypic, and the last four occur on the subtropical islands, Ryukyu and Bonin.
Mongolia has a cold temperate climate, with biomes such as alpine, desert, shrubland, steppe and temperate forest.None of the 12 genera reported from Mongolia are endemic.
All regions of Taiwan are subtropical or tropical rainforest, and the genera and species are different from those in other East Asian countries.Some genera common in the temperate area of East Asia such as Adelphocoris, Capsus, Phytocoris and Polymerus are not reported from Taiwan.Apolygus has much fewer species than reported for other countries.Subtropical and tropical genera such as Argenis, Babacoris, Cheilocapsidea, Cheilocapsus, Gotoshinomiris, Heteropantilius, Liocapsus, Paramiridius, Poppiocapsidea, Sabactiopus, Tinginotopsis and Zalmunna are reported in Taiwan.With the exception of Zalmunna, these genera are also reported from the southern area of China because of the overlap in climate and geology.34 genera are reported from Taiwan, including the monotypic, endemic genus Gotoshinomiris.
Mirine plant bugs in China, Far East Russia, Japan and Korea have been comprehensively studied.However, new species are still being discovered and known species are being newly recorded in this relatively well-studied area, indicating that additional work in this region is crucial.The Mirini of Mongolia and Taiwan are still poorly documented, and more intensive research is need in these areas for a more detailed discussion of East Asian Mirini.

Table 2 .
Detailed records of the distribution of the tribe Mirini in North

Table 3 .
Distribution of the tribe Mirini in East Asia .