Revision of the Australian genus Blaena ( Heteroptera : Cydnidae )

A revision of species of the Australian burrower bug genus Blaena Walker, 1868 is presented. Eight previously known species are redescribed and four new ones, B. hirta n. sp. (Queensland), B. parathroposa n. sp. (Queensland), B. pseudosetosa n. sp. (Western Australia), and B. serrata n. sp. (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia) are described and illustrated. The male and female genitalia of all the species of the genus are studied for the first time. A key for species determination is also pro­ vided.


INTRODUCTION
The genus Blaena was erected by Walker (1868) for a new species, Blaena setosa, from an unknown locality.Over a dozen years later Signoret (1880a) described Macrhymenus membranaceus from Australia, a genus and species new to science.Distant (1899), after studying the type specimen of Blaena setosa Walker, treated it as a senior synonym of Signoret's species.
Thus, till now the genus contained eight species (Lis, 1996(Lis, , 1999b) ) distributed only in the Australian continent.The present paper includes their redescriptions, as well as descriptions of four species new to the science, and a key.Moreover, the male and female genitalia are studied for the first time for all species of the genus.
Illustrations were made using a drawing attachement connected to an Olympus SZH-10 stereomicroscope; male paramere (left) were figured in dorsal, ventral and posterior views, male pygophore and female ovipositor were illustrated with ventral side down and dorsal side up.All measurements are in millimeters.

Diagnostic characters
Body medium sized, elongate, sides subparallel; dorsum flattened to weakly convex.Lateral margins of head more or less diverging from preocular emarginations; submargins with setigerous punctures bearing hair-like setae, but no pegs and peg-like setae; paraclypei longer than clypeus and joined in front of the latter; eyes small, stylated; ocelli very small; antennae 5-segmented, segments cylindrical.Pronotum broader than long, almost subquadrate in outline; disc coarsely and densely punctured; anterior margin concave; lateral margins entire or serrated, submargins with a row of setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae.Scutellum broader than long, subtriangular, bearing distinct lateral depressions on either side of disc.Corium short, divided into clavus, meso-and exocorium in macropterous and brachypterous forms, undivided into parts in forms with staphylinoid wing modification; membrane large, nearly two-thirds of hemelytral length, in forms with staphylinoid wing modification membrane strongly reduced; costa with or without setigerous punctures.Propleuron densely punctured; evaporative areas well defined; apex of peritreme polished, elongated, not recurved posteriorly.Posterior tibiae simple or modified (usually in male sex).

Note
This genus belongs to the tribe Cydnini (as defined by Lis, 1994); it is easily recognizable from all other Austra lian genera of the tribe by the characters given in the key by Lis (1997).
Prothorax.Pronotum black, shining, densely coarsely punctured, about 1.5-1.6 times broader than long (Fig. 2); its dorsal surface bearing numerous golden hairs; anterior and posterior margins broadly concave; lateral margins not serrated, almost parallel, sometimes narrowed in the middle; each submargin with a row of 14-15 long hair like setae; transverse postmedial impression shallow, hardly visible.Prosternum black or blackish brown, punc tured; prosternal carinae low, bare or with single hairs.Propleuron black, shining, coarsely punctured, its anterior margin bare, lateral parts shallowly punctured and sparsely pilose.
Mesothorax.Scutellum black with apex more brown than its base, width slightly larger than the length, punctation of disc crowded and coarse, median discal carina hardly visible; pilosity of scutellar disc sparser than that of pronotum.Anterior part of mesopleuron punctured, evaporative area narrow (Fig. 7).Corium brown or dark brown, costal margin with 7-9 setigerous punctures bearing hair-like setae; membrane normally developed, not reaching the tip of abdomen, veins reticulate, darker than the remaining surface of membrane.

Legs.
Anterior pair castaneous, shining, bearing numerous erect golden-brown hairs; anterior tibiae some what lighter than femora, broadened apically.Femora of middle pair with about seven small acute tubercles on the ventral margin in males, or with small blunt tubercles in females; tibiae straight with black spines.Male hind femora ventrally with a row of strong spines (Fig. 3); female hind femora ventrally with a row of short blunt spines; male hind tibiae slightly curved apically (Fig. 3), female hind tibiae straight.
Head (Fig. 10).Black or dark brown, paraclypei coarsely punctured and bearing gold, erect hairs of dif ferent lengths; lateral margins conspicuously narrowed anteriorly; paraclypei longer than clypeus and joined anteriorly; clypeus somewhat convex, bare; each para clypeus with a submarginal row of 5-6 long hair-like setae; bucculae bearing fine hairs; ocular index 3.21-3.60(male), 3.71-4.01(female); ocelli small, distance between ocelli about 2.8-3.6 times longer than the distance between an ocellus and the eye, ocellar index 6.1-10.8;rostrum extending beyond anterior coxae; antennal seg ments I to IV progressively longer, V segment as long as or shorter than IV.
Prothorax.Pronotum about 1.6-1.8times broader than long (Fig. 11), black or dark brown, margins somewhat lighter than a disc, the latter densely coarsely punctured; dorsal surface of disc bearing golden hairs; anterior margin broadly concave, posterior margin shallowly con cave in its middle; lateral margins not serrated, each sub margin with a row of 18-20 long hair-like setae; trans verse postmedial impression shallow.Prosternum black or blackish brown, punctured; prosternal carinae vague, bearing golden woolly hairs.Propleuron black or dark brown, coarsely punctured, its anterior margin densely covered with golden woolly hairs, lateral parts sparsely, shallowly punctured and finely pilose.
Legs.Anterior pair castaneous or brown, bearing numerous erect light hairs; anterior tibiae apically broad ened.Femora of middle pair with a row of sharp spines, among these one or two very large in male (Fig. 13), female middle femora unmodified; tibiae straight with black spines.Male hind femora ventrally with a row of sharp spines, among which one or two are clearly longer than others (Fig. 12); female hind femora ventrally without such a modification; male hind tibiae clearly recurved in the middle (Fig. 12), female hind tibiae straight.
Abdomen.Sterna without lateral submarginal furrow, ventral surface entirely punctured in female, but with lat eral impunctate band on visible segments III and IV in male; lateral margins of each segment with a row of 5-6 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae, and with well-developed posteriorly projecting spine.Sterna bearing erect light hairs, especially numerous close to lat eral margins.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 17, paramere as in Figs 14-16.Female genital plates moderately broad (Fig. 18), denselypunctate.
Mesothorax.Scutellum (Fig. 19) black, shiny, slightly broader than long, punctation of disc a little more crowded than that of pronotum, median discal carina hardly visible; pilosity of scutellar disc very sparse, some times absent.Anterior part of mesopleuron coarsely punc tured, evaporative area rounded, elongated, laterally nar rowed and reaching lateral margin of mesopleuron.Corium brown, dark brown, or almost black, shiny, punc tured with punctures larger than those of scutellum and pronotum (Fig. 19); costal margin without setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae, surface with scat tered short hairs; membrane narrow, reaching the tip of abdomen (macropterous form), or shortened to interseg mental suture 6/7 of abdomen (submacropterous form); veins dark, straight, not reticulate.

Metathorax. Metapleural evaporatorium, almost reaching lateral margin of metapleuron.
Legs.Anterior pair brown, shiny, bearing numerous erect light hairs; anterior tibiae apically broadened.Femora of middle pair with a row of small spines in both males and females; middle tibiae straight with black spines.Male hind femora with two rows of sharp spines ventrally (Fig. 22), female hind femora with very small tubercles ventrally; male hind tibiae clearly recurved basally and apically (Fig. 22), armed with strong spines and hairs; female hind tibiae straight, spines and hairs less numerous.
Mesothorax.Scutellum (Fig. 28, 29) black, slightly broader than long, punctation of disc same as that of pro notum, median discal carina more or less visible; scutellar disc bearing woolly hairs over its entire surface.Anterior part of mesopleuron coarsely punctured, evaporative area rounded, elongated, reaching lateral margin of mesopleu ron.Corium black, blackish brown or dark brown, punc tures somewhat larger than those of scutellum and pronotum, and with numerous woolly hairs; costal margin without setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae, its surface only with numerous woolly hairs; membrane brown, semihyaline, with pale patches basally, reaching the tip of abdomen (macropterous form -Fig. 28), or shortened, almost reaching the intersegmental suture 4/5 or 5/6 of abdomen (brachypterous form -Fig. 29); veins dark brown, straight, not reticulate.
Metathorax.Metapleural evaporatorium large, almost reaching lateral margins of metapleuron.Legs.Not specifically modified; femora dark brown with pale hairs; tibiae straight, armed with a few black spines.
Abdomen.Sterna convex, black, coarsely punctured; surface of sterna with numerous short semi-erect hairs, lateral margins of each segment without or with a single setigerous puncture bearing a long hair-like seta, and with a very small posteriorly projecting spine.Female genital plates narrow (Fig. 32), bearing numerous golden brown short hairs.

Comparative notes
This new species is characterized by the following characters: clypeus convex; each paraclypeus with 5 long hair-like setae, among them 3 submarginal ones; second antennal segment minute, shorter than both the 1st and the 3rd; prosternal carinae well developed, bearing golden-brown woolly hairs; lateral margins of pronotum serrated, each submarginally with a row of 8-10 long hair-like setae; costal margin without setigerous punc tures bearing long hair-like setae.
Brachypterous females are similar to B. tamasi, the only other species with distinctly shortened wings, but the latter has staphylinoid like wings (hemelytra reaching to intersegmental suture 3/4 of abdomen).Moreover, both species can easily be separated on the basis of the number of submarginal setigerous punctures on head and pronotal margins (3 and 8-10 respectively in B. hirta, 1 and 5-6 respectivelyin B. tamasi).
Prothorax.Pronotum about 1.5-1.7 times broader than long (Fig. 35), black, shiny, coarsely punctured, laterally conspicuously explanate (Fig. 33); dorsal surface of disc with four long hairs close to anterior margin and four in the postmedial impression; anterior margin broadly con cave, posterior margin almost straight; lateral margins with a strong prebasal angular projection; each submargin with a single setigerous puncture bearing long hair-like seta on anterior lobe, and a single setigerous puncture on the prebasal projection of posterior lobe (Fig. 35); trans verse postmedial impression deep and well-developed, abruptly interrupted by carinate midline (Fig. 33).Pros ternum black, punctured; prosternal carinae welldeveloped, high, bearing a few short hairs.Propleuron black, coarsely punctured, its anterior margin bare, lateral parts shallowly punctured, bare.
Mesothorax.Scutellum blackish brown, shiny, slightly wider than long, punctation on disc almost as dense as on pronotum, scutellar apex sparsely punctured, median discal carina prominently developed, except for its extreme apical part (Fig. 33); scutellar disc bare, its lat eral parts with deep impressions and strongly elevated tuberosities anteriorly.Anterior part of mesopleuron punctured, shiny; evaporative area rounded, elongated and reaching lateral margin.Corium dark brown to black, shiny, coarsely punctured, costal margin without setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae; mem brane semihyaline, normally developed, reaching or almost reaching the tip of abdomen, veins irregularly branched, sometimes reticulate; base of membrane with pale spots.Legs.Femora dark brown, finely pilose, without spines; tibiae straight, brown, bearing short black fine spines; male posterior tibiae not specifically modified.
Mesothorax.Scutellum black or blackish brown, slightly wider than long, punctation of disc as dense as that of pronotum, median discal carina narrow, more or less visible; scutellar disc with numerous scattered long hairs of different length.Anterior part of mesopleuron punctured, evaporative area narrow, reaching lateral mar gins.Corium from dark brown to black, punctured, bearing well visible scattered hairs of different length; costal margin with 6-15 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae; membrane normally developed, nar rower than abdomen, reaching or almost reaching its tip, veins branched and reticulate, darker than the remaining surface ofmembrane.
Legs.Anterior femora brown, shiny, bearing small dark tubercles on underside; anterior tibiae, moderately broad ened apically and bearing black spines.Femora of middle pair with a row of small tubercles ventrally; middle tibiae straight with black spines.Male hind femora ventrally with 3-4 strong spines (Fig. 41); female hind femora ven trally with a row of small blunt spines; male hind tibiae bowed, thickened medially and apically (Fig. 41), female hind tibiae straight; all tibiae with short black spines and numerous short erect hairs.
Abdomen.Sterna black or dark brown, shallowly impressed sublaterally, entirely coarsely punctured in females, males with lateral margins of segment IV and antero-lateral angles of segments III and V impunctate; lateral margins of each segment with a row of 3-5 setigerous punctures, and with at least one welldeveloped posteriorly projecting spine, sometimes more small spines are present along entire lateral margin of each segment.Sterna with numerous golden brown hairs of different length.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 47

Description
Body.Length 5.20 (holotype male only -Fig.49).Head (Fig. 50 -left paraclypeus somewhat damaged).Black, shiny, punctured and bearing numerous long hair like setae; lateral margins almost parallel-sided anterior to the eyes; paraclypei longer than clypeus, the latter convex; each paraclypeus with a submarginal row of 6 long hair-like setae; bucculae sparsely and finely pilose; ocular index 2.86; ocelli small, distance between ocelli about 2.30 times greater than the distance between an ocellus and the eye, ocellar index about 12.0; rostrum extending beyond anterior coxae; length of antennal seg ments: I 0.27, II 0.32, III 0.52, IV 0.76, V 0.78.
Mesothorax.Scutellum black, slightly wider than long, punctation of disc coarse, median discal carina well visible along its entire length (Fig. 49); pilosity of scutellar disc scattered.Anterior part of mesopleuron punc tured, evaporative area narrowed laterally and almost reaching lateral margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 57).Corium dark brown, costal margin with 10-11 setigerous punc tures bearing long hair-like setae; membrane normally developed, brown with pale basal spot, veins branched, darker than the remaining surface of membrane.
Legs.Anterior femora dark brown, slightly shiny, bearing numerous erect light hairs and a few short spines; anterior tibiae broadened apically.Femora of middle pair with a few thin spines on the anterior margin of ventral side and a row of small spines on its posterior margin; tibiae straight with black spines.Hind femora ventrally with a row of short spines (Fig. 52); hind tibiae character istically curved (Fig. 52), bearing numerous short black spines on inner margin.
Abdomen.Sterna black, shiny, not impressed sublater ally, entirely coarsely punctured, except for lateral impunctate band on visible segment IV, and partly on III and V; posterior margin of sterna V and VI with large long spines; lateral margins of each segment with a row of 6 setigerous punctures, and with well-developed poste riorly projecting spine.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 56, paramere as in Figs 53-55.
Etymology.The species name refers to its close affinity to B. blothroposa.

Comparative notes
The new species is characterized by the following char acters: clypeus convex; each paraclypeus with 6 submar ginal long hair-like setae; second antennal segment longer than the 1st; prosternal carinae well-developed, bearing woolly hairs; lateral margins of pronotum not serrated, submarginally with a row of 20-21 long hair-like setae; costal margin with a row of 10-11 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae; hind male tibiae strongly recurved.
Male of the new species is similar in general habitus to B. blothroposa, but it is easily distinguished from the  Head (Fig. 59).Black, shiny, punctured and bearing numerous long hairs; lateral margins almost parallel-sided anterior to eyes; paraclypei longer than clypeus, the latter slightly convex; each paraclypeus with a submarginal row of 5-6 long hair-like setae; bucculae sparsely finely pilose; ocular index 3.57; ocelli small, distance between ocelli about 2.60 times greater than the distance between an ocellus and an eye, ocellar index about 8.2; rostrum extending beyond anterior coxae; length of antennal seg ments: I 0.27, II 0.29, III 0.41, IV 0.48, V 0.46.
straight with black spines.Hind femora with a row of 7 well-developed spines ventrally (Fig. 61); hind tibiae curved apically (Fig. 61), bearing two rows of numerous short black spines on inner margin, pilosity of apical part denser than that of basal.
Abdomen.Sterna black and shiny, convex, vaguely impressed sublaterally, entirely coarsely punctured, except for lateral impunctate band on visible segments IV, and partly III and V; posterior margin of VI sternum with strong spines; lateral margins of each segment with a row of 6 setigerous punctures, and with well-developed posteriorly projecting spine.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 67, paramere as in Figs 64-66.Etymology.The species name indicates its similarity to B. setosa.

Comparative notes
This new species is best characterized by the numerous long hair-like setae on head (paraclypeus with about a dozen long hair-like setae, among these 5-6 submarginal ones), and on body margins (lateral submargins of pronotum with a row of 21-23 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae, costal margin with a row of 14-17 setigerous punctures).
In terms of the pilosity of the body this new species is allied to B. multitricha, but differs from the latter in its poorly developed prosternal carinae, as well as in the shape of male genital capsule (Figs 47,67), paramere (64)(65)(66), and hind legs (Figs 41,61).
Male of this new species is also similar to those of B. setosa, but is easily recognizable as its abdominal sterna bear a vague sublateral groove (abdominal sterna sublat erally bear distinct, broad, deep groove in B. setosa), and the number of setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae on lateral body margins (B.pseudosetosa: pronotum 21-23, costa 14-17; B. setosa: pronotum 9-13, costa 4-6).Moreover, both species differ in the shape of male hind tibiae (Figs 61,82).
Distribution.Western Australia.
Mesothorax.Scutellum black or blackish brown, slightly wider than long, punctation of disc as dense as that of pronotum, median discal carina well visible in apical part; pilosity of scutellar disc more sparse than that of pronotum.Anterior part of mesopleuron punctured, evaporative area broad, laterally reaching margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 76).Corium blackish brown or dark castaneous, costal margin with 10-13 setigerous punc tures bearing long hair-like setae; membrane brown, nor mally developed, almost reaching the tip of abdomen (Fig. 68), veins dark, usually straight, sometimes branched to a degree; base of membrane usually with large pale patches.
Legs.Anterior femur castaneous, ventrally bearing light hairs and tubercles; anterior tibiae moderately api cally broadened, bearing short dark spines.Femora of middle pair with a row of small spines (Fig. 72); tibiae straight with short black spines (Fig. 72).Male hind femora ventrally with a row of large sharp spines, among these 2-3 clearly larger than remainder (Fig. 70); female hind femora ventrally with a row of small spines; male hind tibiae slightly recurved basally and apically (Fig. 70), with a row of small stout black spines on inner mar gin; female hind tibiae straight, and lacking the row of spines.
Abdomen.Sterna black, convex, lateral submarginal furrow shallow, ventral surface entirely punctured in female, but with lateral impunctate band on segments III and IV in male; posterior margin of V and VI sterna with spines; lateral margins of each segment with a row of 5-6 setigerous punctures, and with well-developed posteriorly projecting spine.Sterna densely covered with erect light hairs.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 77, paramere as in Figs 73-75.Female genital plates rather narrow (Fig. 78), densely punctate.Etymology.The species name refers to the serrated lateral margins of pronotum.

Comparative notes
This new species is characterized by numerous long hair-like setae on surface of head (each paraclypeus with about a dozen long hair-like setae, including 4-6 submar ginal ones), body margins (lateral submargin of pronotum has a row of 18-22 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae, costal margin with a row of 10-13 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae), and by densely pilose prosternal carinae, and serrated lateral mar gins of pronotum.
Mesothorax.Scutellum black with margins and apex more castaneous in colour, wider than long, punctation of disc crowded and coarse, median discal carina weakly developed, usually clearer apically; pilosity of scutellar disc sparse.Anterior part of mesopleuron punctured, evaporative area narrowed laterally to reach margin of mesopleuron.Corium castaneous or dark brown, its punc tation sparser than that on pronotum and scutellum, punc tures large, pilosity fine and sparse; costal margin with 4-6 setigerous punctures bearing long hair-like setae; membrane normally developed, usually narrower than abdomen, reaching or almost reaching the tip of abdomen, only sometimes surpassing it, veins simple or furcate, sometimes reticulate, darker than the remaining surface ofmembrane.
Legs.Anterior femur brown, bearing setigerous punc tures on ventral side; anterior tibia clearly broadened api cally (Fig. 81).Femora of middle pair with rows of small sharp spines ventrally; middle tibiae straight with black spines.Male hind femora ventrally with a row of strong spines (Fig. 82), the median one usually clearly longer and stouter; female hind femora ventrally with a row of short blunt tubercles; male hind tibiae with basal twothirds strongly bowed outward (Fig. 82), apical third almost straight, ventral margin of basal two-thirds with two rows of strong tubercles and numerous long hairs; female hind tibiae straight, unmodified.
Abdomen.Sterna clearly impressed sublaterally, furrow along their lateral margins deep and welldeveloped; sterna ventrad of furrow coarsely punctured and bearing numerous setigerous tubercles (better devel oped in males than females), punctures in furrow much finer than elswhere on sterna; lateral margins of each seg ment with a row of 3-4 setigerous punctures, and with well-developed posteriorly projecting spine.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 88, paramere as in Figs 85-87.Female genital plates narrow (Fig. 89), densely punctate.
Mesothorax.Scutellum black, apically somewhat paler, bare, as wide as or slightly wider than long, punctation of disc dense, midline sometimes broadly but weakly sulcate from base to past middle, sometimes sulcus hardly visible, apex with well developed median carina, usually paler than remaining part of disc.Anterior part of mesopleuron punctured; evaporative area elongated, reaching lateral margin of mesopleuron.Corium blackish brown or dark castaneous, coarsely punctured, costal margin without setigerous punctures; membrane pale brown, semihyaline, normally developed, narrower than abdomen and almost reaching its tip, veins dark brown, irregularly reticulate; base of membrane with pale irregular spots.
Abdomen.Sterna convex, weakly impressed sublater ally, black or blackish brown, shiny, punctation laterally denser and coarser than medially, bearing lateral impunctate band on visible segments IV in males; lateral margin of each segment without or with a single setigerous tuber cles, and with small, sometimes hardly visible posteriorly projecting spine.Male genital capsule as in Fig. 96, paramere as in Figs 92-94.Female genital plates very broad (Fig. 95), sparsely punctate.
Legs.Femora unarmed, only the posterior ones with very small ventral tubercles in males; anterior tibiae only Distribution.Western Australia.

Remarks
This species was hitherto known only from specimens with staphylinoid wing modification; fortunately, we have also examined one macropterous female in this study.It has all the same characters but for the normally developed wings (Fig. 98) and one additional setigerous puncture on marginofhead(Fig.100). .Prostemal carinae, as well as anterior margins of propleura bearing numerous golden woolly hairs; male hind femur with a row of strong spines, among these at least one clearly larger than the others (Fig. 12) ..........B. cirra Froeschner -Prosternal carinae, as well as anterior margins of propleura bare or bearing a few hardly visible hairs; male hind femur witharowofsim ilarsizedspines(Fig. 61) ................ 11 11.Male middle femur with a row of acute tubercles on posteroventral margin; male hind tibia ventrally with a row of tubercles on each margin (Fig. 3