Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 493-503, 2018 | DOI: 10.14411/eje.2018.049

Demography of the endangered butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): A case study of populations in sub-Mediterranean dry calcareous grasslandsOriginal article

Jure JUGOVIC1, Costanza UBONI2, Sara ZUPAN1, Martina LUŽNIK1,*
1 University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; e-mails: jure.jugovic@gmail.com, sara.zupan@upr.si, martina.luznik@upr.si
2 University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy; e-mail: costanza.uboni@gmail.com

We studied a population of the regionally endangered marsh fritillary butterfly Euphydryas aurinia inhabiting a system of loosely connected dry calcareous grasslands in sub-Mediterranean Slovenia. Our goal was to set the basis for a long-term monitoring of this butterfly in four meadows using mark-release-recapture (MRR). We determined its demographic parameters, dispersal, behaviour and utilization of nectar plants in different quality patches. Total population size was estimated to be approximately 347 males (95% confidence interval: 262-432) and 326 females (95% confidence interval: 250-402), with an unbiased sex ratio. The average lifespans were 6.3 and 8.6 days, respectively. Daily population sizes followed a parabola with marked protandry. Both sexes were relatively highly mobile with both occasionally moving over half a kilometre. The spatial distribution of animals seemed to be associated with patch size, host plant densities and nectar sources, resulting in much higher population densities in the largest patch. Adult behaviour differed between the sexes, with females resting more and flying less than males. Behaviour also changed during daytime and with the progression of the season. Adults were confirmed to be opportunistic feeders, since as many as ten nectar sources were detected. We conclude that demographic parameters differ greatly among regions and habitats, thus conservation aims should be planned accordingly. Although the population studied is apparently in good condition, there are threats that may hamper the long-term persistence of the species in this area: succession, intensification of mowing and overgrazing.

Keywords: Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Euphydryas aurinia, mark-release-recapture, demography, movement, nectar plants, metapopulation, grassland, Slovenia

Received: September 15, 2017; Revised: July 24, 2018; Accepted: July 24, 2018; Published online: September 6, 2018  Show citation

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JUGOVIC, J., UBONI, C., ZUPAN, S., & LUŽNIK, M. (2018). Demography of the endangered butterfly Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): A case study of populations in sub-Mediterranean dry calcareous grasslands. EJE, 115, Article 493-503. https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2018.049
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